L'Orange Christian, Anderson Kimberly, Sleeth Darrah, Anthony T Renée, Volckens John
1.Department of Mechanical Engineering, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80526, USA;
2.Department of Family and Preventive Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84108, USA;
Ann Occup Hyg. 2016 Mar;60(2):150-60. doi: 10.1093/annhyg/mev065. Epub 2015 Oct 14.
The state-of-the-art for personal sampling for inhalable aerosol hazards is constrained by issues of sampler cost and complexity; these issues have limited the adoption and use of some samplers by practicing hygienists. Thus, despite the known health effects of inhalable aerosol hazards, personal exposures are routinely assessed for only a small fraction of the at-risk workforce. To address the limitations of current technologies for inhalable aerosol sampling, a disposable inhalable aerosol sampler was developed and evaluated in the laboratory. The new sampler is designed to be less expensive and simpler to use than existing technologies. The sampler incorporates a lightweight internal capsule fused to the sampling filter. This capsule-filter assembly allows for the inclusion of particles deposited on the internal walls and inlet, thus minimizing the need to wash or wipe the interior sampling cassette when conducting gravimetric analyses. Sampling efficiency and wall losses were tested in a low-velocity wind tunnel with particles ranging from 9.5 to 89.5 μm. The results were compared to the proposed low-velocity inhalability criterion as well as published data on the IOM sampler. Filter weight stability and time-to-equilibrium were evaluated as these factors affect the practicality of a design. Preliminary testing of the new sampler showed good agreement with both the IOM and the proposed low-velocity inhalability curve. The capsule and filter assemblies reached equilibrium within 25h of manufacturing when conditioned at elevated temperatures. After reaching equilibrium, the capsule-filter assemblies were stable within 0.01mg.
用于可吸入气溶胶危害个人采样的现有技术受到采样器成本和复杂性问题的限制；这些问题限制了执业卫生学家对某些采样器的采用和使用。因此，尽管已知可吸入气溶胶危害对健康有影响，但仅对一小部分有风险的劳动力进行常规个人暴露评估。为了解决当前可吸入气溶胶采样技术的局限性，在实验室中开发并评估了一种一次性可吸入气溶胶采样器。这种新型采样器的设计目的是比现有技术更便宜且使用更简单。该采样器包含一个与采样过滤器融合的轻质内部胶囊。这种胶囊 - 过滤器组件能够收集沉积在内壁和入口处的颗粒，从而在进行重量分析时将清洗或擦拭内部采样盒的需求降至最低。在低速风洞中对粒径范围为9.5至89.5μm的颗粒进行了采样效率和壁面损失测试。将结果与提议的低速可吸入性标准以及关于IOM采样器的已发表数据进行了比较。评估了过滤器重量稳定性和达到平衡的时间，因为这些因素会影响设计的实用性。新采样器的初步测试表明，其与IOM以及提议的低速可吸入性曲线都有很好的一致性。当在高温下进行调节时，胶囊和过滤器组件在制造后25小时内达到平衡。达到平衡后，胶囊 - 过滤器组件在0.01mg范围内保持稳定。
