Rudd James R, Barnett Lisa M, Butson Michael L, Farrow Damian, Berry Jason, Polman Remco C J
Institute of Sport Exercise and Active Living, Victoria University, Melbourne, Australia.
School of Health and Social Development, Deakin University, Melbourne, Australia.
PLoS One. 2015 Oct 15;10(10):e0140224. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0140224. eCollection 2015.
In motor development literature fundamental movement skills are divided into three constructs: locomotive, object control and stability skills. Most fundamental movement skills research has focused on children's competency in locomotor and object control skills. The first aim of this study was to validate a test battery to assess the construct of stability skills, in children aged 6 to 10 (M age = 8.2, SD = 1.2). Secondly we assessed how the stability skills construct fitted into a model of fundamental movement skill.
The Delphi method was used to select the stability skill battery. Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was used to assess if the skills loaded onto the same construct and a new model of FMS was developed using structural equation modelling.
Three postural control tasks were selected (the log roll, rock and back support) because they had good face and content validity. These skills also demonstrated good predictive validity with gymnasts scoring significantly better than children without gymnastic training and children from a high SES school performing better than those from a mid and low SES schools and the mid SES children scored better than the low SES children (all p < .05). Inter rater reliability tests were excellent for all three skills (ICC = 0.81, 0.87, 0.87) as was test re-test reliability (ICC 0.87-0.95). CFA provided good construct validity, and structural equation modelling revealed stability skills to be an independent factor in an overall FMS model which included locomotor (r = .88), object control (r = .76) and stability skills (r = .81).
This study provides a rationale for the inclusion of stability skills in FMS assessment. The stability skills could be used alongside other FMS assessment tools to provide a holistic assessment of children's fundamental movement skills.
在运动发展文献中，基本运动技能被分为三个类别： locomotive、物体控制和稳定性技能。大多数基本运动技能研究都集中在儿童的 locomotor 和物体控制技能方面。本研究的首要目标是验证一套测试组合，以评估6至10岁儿童（平均年龄 = 8.2，标准差 = 1.2）的稳定性技能类别。其次，我们评估了稳定性技能类别如何融入基本运动技能模型。
采用德尔菲法选择稳定性技能测试组合。使用验证性因素分析（CFA）来评估这些技能是否加载到同一类别中，并使用结构方程模型开发了一个新的FMS模型。
选择了三项姿势控制任务（滚木、摇晃和仰卧支撑），因为它们具有良好的表面效度和内容效度。这些技能还显示出良好的预测效度，体操运动员的得分显著高于未接受体操训练的儿童，来自高社会经济地位学校的儿童表现优于中低社会经济地位学校的儿童，中社会经济地位的儿童得分高于低社会经济地位的儿童（所有p <.05）。所有三项技能的评分者间信度测试都非常出色（ICC = 0.81、0.87、0.87），重测信度也是如此（ICC 0.87 - 0.95）。CFA提供了良好的结构效度，结构方程模型显示稳定性技能是整体FMS模型中的一个独立因素，该模型包括 locomotor（r =.88）、物体控制（r =.76）和稳定性技能（r =.81）。
本研究为在FMS评估中纳入稳定性技能提供了理论依据。稳定性技能可以与其他FMS评估工具一起使用，以全面评估儿童的基本运动技能。
