Castro Rosario, Jouneau Luc, Tacchi Luca, Macqueen Daniel J, Alzaid Abdullah, Secombes Christopher J, Martin Samuel A M, Boudinot Pierre
Virologie et Immunologie Moléculaires, INRA, Jouy-en-Josas, France.
Institute of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, United Kingdom, AB24 2TZ.
Sci Rep. 2015 Oct 21;5:15458. doi: 10.1038/srep15458.
During early stages of development vertebrates rely on an immature immune system to fight pathogens, but in non mammalian species few studies have taken an in-depth analysis of the transition from reliance on innate immune mechanisms to the appearance of adaptive immunity. Using rainbow trout as a model we characterized responses to two natural pathogens of this species, the Gram negative bacterium Aeromonas salmonicida and the virus VHSV, using microarray analysis at four early life history stages; eyed egg, post hatch, first feeding and three weeks post first feeding when adaptive immunity starts to be effective. All stages responded to both infections, but the complexity of the response increased with developmental stage. The response to virus showed a clear interferon response only from first feeding. In contrast, bacterial infection induced a marked response from early stages, with modulation of inflammatory, antimicrobial peptide and complement genes across all developmental stages. Whilst the viral and bacterial responses were distinct, there were modulated genes in common, mainly of general inflammatory molecules. This work provides a first platform to explore the development of fish immunity to infection, and to compare the age-dependent changes (from embryo to adults) across vertebrates.
在发育的早期阶段，脊椎动物依靠不成熟的免疫系统来对抗病原体，但在非哺乳动物物种中，很少有研究深入分析从依赖先天免疫机制到适应性免疫出现的转变。我们以虹鳟鱼为模型，在四个早期生命史阶段（有眼卵、孵化后、初次摄食以及初次摄食三周后，此时适应性免疫开始发挥作用），利用微阵列分析，对该物种对两种天然病原体（革兰氏阴性菌杀鲑气单胞菌和病毒VHSV）的反应进行了表征。所有阶段对两种感染均有反应，但反应的复杂性随发育阶段增加。对病毒的反应仅在初次摄食时才显示出明显的干扰素反应。相比之下，细菌感染从早期阶段就引发了显著反应，在所有发育阶段，炎症、抗菌肽和补体基因均受到调控。虽然病毒和细菌的反应不同，但存在共同的调控基因，主要是一般炎症分子。这项工作提供了首个平台，用于探索鱼类抗感染免疫的发育，并比较脊椎动物中随年龄变化（从胚胎到成体）的情况。
