Khan Anum, McQuilken Molly, Gladfelter Amy S
Department of Biological Sciences, Dartmouth College, Hanover, New Hampshire 03755; email:
Annu Rev Microbiol. 2015;69:487-503. doi: 10.1146/annurev-micro-091014-104250.
Polarized growth is critical for the development and maintenance of diverse organisms and tissues but particularly so in fungi, where nutrient uptake, communication, and reproduction all rely on cell asymmetries. To achieve polarized growth, fungi spatially organize both their cytosol and cortical membranes. Septins, a family of GTP-binding proteins, are key regulators of spatial compartmentalization in fungi and other eukaryotes. Septins form higher-order structures on fungal plasma membranes and are thought to contribute to the generation of cell asymmetries by acting as molecular scaffolds and forming diffusional barriers. Here we discuss the links between septins and polarized growth and consider molecular models for how septins contribute to cellular asymmetry in fungi.
极性生长对于多种生物体和组织的发育与维持至关重要，在真菌中尤为如此，因为真菌的营养吸收、通讯和繁殖都依赖于细胞不对称性。为了实现极性生长，真菌在空间上组织其细胞质和细胞膜。Septins是一类GTP结合蛋白家族，是真菌和其他真核生物中空间分隔的关键调节因子。Septins在真菌质膜上形成高阶结构，被认为通过充当分子支架和形成扩散屏障来促进细胞不对称性的产生。在这里，我们讨论Septins与极性生长之间的联系，并思考Septins如何促进真菌细胞不对称性的分子模型。
