ConsumersVoice, Sint Nicolaasga, the Netherlands.
Department of Dermatology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands.
Orthop J Sports Med. 2014 May 12;2(5):2325967114533482. doi: 10.1177/2325967114533482. eCollection 2014 May.
Superficial skin injuries are considered minor, and their incidence is probably underestimated. Insight into the incidence and mechanism of acute skin injury can be helpful in developing suitable preventive measures and safer playing surfaces for soccer and other field sports.
To gain insight into the incidence and severity of skin injuries related to soccer and to describe the skin injury mechanism due to player-surface contact.
Systematic review; Level of evidence, 4.
The prevention model by van Mechelen et al (1992) combined with the injury causation model of Bahr and Krosshaug (2005) were used as a framework for the survey to describe the skin injury incidence and mechanism caused by player-surface contact.
The reviewed literature showed that common injury reporting methods are mainly based on time lost from participation or the need for medical attention. Because skin abrasions seldom lead to absence or medical attention, they are often not reported. When reported, the incidence of abrasion/laceration injuries varies from 0.8 to 6.1 injuries per 1000 player-hours. Wound assessment techniques such as the Skin Damage Area and Severity Index can be a valuable tool to obtain a more accurate estimation of the incidence and severity of acute skin injuries.
The use of protective equipment, a skin lubricant, or wet surface conditions has a positive effect on preventing abrasion-type injuries from artificial turf surfaces. The literature also shows that essential biomechanical information of the sliding event is lacking, such as how energy is transferred to the area of contact. From a clinical and histological perspective, there are strong indications that a sliding-induced skin lesion is caused by mechanical rather than thermal injury to the skin.
皮肤表面损伤被认为是轻微的，其发生率可能被低估了。深入了解急性皮肤损伤的发生率和机制有助于制定针对足球和其他户外运动的合适预防措施和更安全的场地表面。
深入了解与足球相关的皮肤损伤发生率和严重程度，并描述因球员与场地表面接触而导致的皮肤损伤机制。
系统评价；证据水平，4 级。
采用 van Mechelen 等人（1992 年）的预防模型和 Bahr 和 Krosshaug（2005 年）的损伤因果模型作为调查框架，描述因球员与场地表面接触而导致的皮肤损伤发生率和机制。
综述文献表明，常见的损伤报告方法主要基于参与时间损失或医疗关注的需要。由于皮肤擦伤很少导致缺席或医疗关注，因此它们通常不会被报告。当被报告时，擦伤/撕裂伤的发生率从每 1000 名球员小时 0.8 到 6.1 例不等。皮肤损伤面积和严重程度指数等伤口评估技术可以成为更准确估计急性皮肤损伤发生率和严重程度的有用工具。
使用防护设备、皮肤润滑剂或湿的场地表面条件对防止人造草皮表面的擦伤类型损伤有积极影响。文献还表明，滑动事件的基本生物力学信息缺失，例如能量如何传递到接触区域。从临床和组织学的角度来看，有强烈的迹象表明，滑动引起的皮肤损伤是由皮肤的机械而不是热损伤引起的。
