Division of General Pediatrics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
Department of Pediatrics, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Department of Health Policy & Management, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA; RAND Corporation, Santa Monica, CA, USA; Children's Discovery & Innovation Institute, Mattel Children's Hospital, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
Appetite. 2016 Mar 1;98:115-24. doi: 10.1016/j.appet.2015.11.007. Epub 2015 Nov 17.
Though preparing healthy food at home is a critical health promotion habit, few interventions have aimed to improve parental cooking skills and behaviors. We sought to understand parents' preferences and priorities regarding interventions to improve home food preparation practices and home food environments during early childhood. We administered a discrete choice experiment using maximum difference scaling. Eighty English-speaking parents of healthy 1-4 year-old children rated the relative importance of potential attributes of interventions to improve home food preparation practices and home food environments. We performed latent class analysis to identify subgroups of parents with similar preferences and tested for differences between the subgroups. Participants were mostly white or black 21-45 year-old women whose prevalence of overweight/obesity mirrored the general population. Latent class analysis revealed three distinct groups of parental preferences for intervention content: a healthy cooking group, focused on nutrition and cooking healthier food; a child persuasion group, focused on convincing toddlers to eat home-cooked food; and a creative cooking group, focused on cooking without recipes, meal planning, and time-saving strategies. Younger, lower income, 1-parent households comprised the healthy cooking group, while older, higher income, 2-parent households comprised the creative cooking group (p < 0.05). The child persuasion group was more varied with regard to age, income, and household structure but cooked dinner regularly, unlike the other two groups (p < 0.05). Discrete choice experiments using maximum difference scaling can be employed to design and tailor interventions to change health behaviors. Segmenting a diverse target population by needs and preferences enables the tailoring and optimization of future interventions to improve parental home food preparation practices. Such interventions are important for creating healthier home food environments and preventing obesity starting from early childhood.
尽管在家准备健康食品是促进健康的重要习惯，但很少有干预措施旨在提高父母的烹饪技能和行为。我们旨在了解父母对改善幼儿期家庭食品准备实践和家庭食品环境的干预措施的偏好和优先事项。我们使用最大差异标度进行了离散选择实验。80 名讲英语的健康 1-4 岁儿童的父母对改善家庭食品准备实践和家庭食品环境的干预措施的潜在属性的相对重要性进行了评分。我们进行了潜在类别分析，以确定具有相似偏好的父母亚组，并测试了亚组之间的差异。参与者主要是白种人或黑种人，年龄在 21-45 岁之间，女性居多，其超重/肥胖的患病率与一般人群相似。潜在类别分析显示，父母对干预内容的偏好有三个明显的群体：健康烹饪组，专注于营养和烹饪更健康的食物；儿童说服组，专注于说服幼儿吃家庭烹饪的食物；以及创意烹饪组，专注于无食谱烹饪、膳食计划和节省时间的策略。健康烹饪组由较年轻、收入较低的单亲家庭组成，而创意烹饪组则由较年长、收入较高的双亲家庭组成（p<0.05）。与其他两组相比，儿童说服组在年龄、收入和家庭结构方面更加多样化，但经常做晚餐（p<0.05）。使用最大差异标度的离散选择实验可用于设计和定制干预措施以改变健康行为。根据需求和偏好对多样化的目标人群进行细分，可以为改善父母家庭食品准备实践的未来干预措施进行定制和优化。这种干预措施对于从幼儿期开始创造更健康的家庭食品环境和预防肥胖症非常重要。
