Rosselot Andrew E, Hong Christian I, Moore Sean R
aDepartment of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine bDivision of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA.
Curr Opin Gastroenterol. 2016 Jan;32(1):7-11. doi: 10.1097/MOG.0000000000000227.
To highlight recent developments in understanding the dynamic relationship between circadian rhythms, the gut microbiome, and gastrointestinal infections.
In humans and mice, the composition and functions of the intestinal microbiome display diurnal rhythms orchestrated by feeding behaviors and host circadian gene expression. Jet lag, or circadian disruption, perturbs these rhythms to produce gut dysbiosis. When mice are orally infected with Salmonella typhimurium in the morning (the beginning of their rest period) they show higher levels of colonization and gut inflammation vs. infection at other times of day. At the cellular level, recent studies highlight circadian regulation of innate and adaptive gut immunity in coordination with the microbiome, as well as intestinal stem cell growth and regeneration.
Taken together, these reports support a key role for circadian rhythms in regulating the gut microbiome and host responses to gastrointestinal pathogens. Further research is needed to translate these findings to improving outcomes for patients with gastrointestinal infections by guiding the right interventions for the right patients at the right time.
强调在理解昼夜节律、肠道微生物群和胃肠道感染之间动态关系方面的最新进展。
在人类和小鼠中,肠道微生物群的组成和功能呈现出由进食行为和宿主昼夜节律基因表达所编排的昼夜节律。时差反应或昼夜节律紊乱会扰乱这些节律,从而导致肠道菌群失调。当小鼠在早晨(其休息期开始时)经口感染鼠伤寒沙门氏菌时,与在一天中的其他时间感染相比,它们表现出更高水平的定植和肠道炎症。在细胞水平上,最近的研究强调了昼夜节律与微生物群协同对肠道固有免疫和适应性免疫的调节作用,以及对肠道干细胞生长和再生的调节作用。
综上所述,这些报告支持昼夜节律在调节肠道微生物群和宿主对胃肠道病原体反应中起关键作用。需要进一步研究,通过在正确的时间为正确的患者指导正确的干预措施,将这些发现转化为改善胃肠道感染患者的治疗效果。