Halliez Marie C M, Buret André G
Department of Biological Sciences, Inflammation Research Network, Host-Parasite Interaction NSERC-CREATE, University of Calgary Calgary, AB, Canada ; Protozooses transmises par l'alimentation, Rouen University Hospital, University of Rouen and Institute for Biomedical Research, University of Reims Champagne-Ardennes Rouen and Reims, France.
Department of Biological Sciences, Inflammation Research Network, Host-Parasite Interaction NSERC-CREATE, University of Calgary Calgary, AB, Canada.
Front Cell Neurosci. 2015 Nov 25;9:452. doi: 10.3389/fncel.2015.00452. eCollection 2015.
Gastrointestinal motility and transport of water and electrolytes play key roles in the pathophysiology of diarrhea upon exposure to enteric parasites. These processes are actively modulated by the enteric nervous system (ENS), which includes efferent, and afferent neurons, as well as interneurons. ENS integrity is essential to the maintenance of homeostatic gut responses. A number of gastrointestinal parasites are known to cause disease by altering the ENS. The mechanisms remain incompletely understood. Cryptosporidium parvum, Giardia duodenalis (syn. Giardia intestinalis, Giardia lamblia), Trypanosoma cruzi, Schistosoma species and others alter gastrointestinal motility, absorption, or secretion at least in part via effects on the ENS. Recent findings also implicate enteric parasites such as C. parvum and G. duodenalis in the development of post-infectious complications such as irritable bowel syndrome, which further underscores their effects on the gut-brain axis. This article critically reviews recent advances and the current state of knowledge on the impact of enteric parasitism on the neural control of gut functions, and provides insights into mechanisms underlying these abnormalities.
胃肠道蠕动以及水和电解质的转运在接触肠道寄生虫后腹泻的病理生理学中起着关键作用。这些过程受到肠神经系统（ENS）的积极调节，肠神经系统包括传出神经元、传入神经元以及中间神经元。ENS的完整性对于维持肠道的稳态反应至关重要。已知许多胃肠道寄生虫会通过改变ENS来引发疾病。其机制仍未完全了解。微小隐孢子虫、十二指肠贾第虫（同义词：肠贾第虫、蓝氏贾第鞭毛虫）、克氏锥虫、血吸虫等至少部分通过对ENS的影响来改变胃肠蠕动、吸收或分泌。最近的研究结果还表明，诸如微小隐孢子虫和十二指肠贾第虫等肠道寄生虫与感染后并发症如肠易激综合征的发生有关，这进一步凸显了它们对肠脑轴的影响。本文批判性地综述了肠道寄生虫感染对肠道功能神经控制影响的最新进展和当前知识状态，并深入探讨了这些异常现象背后的机制。
