Wiktorowska-Owczarek Anna, Berezińska Małgorzata, Nowak Jerzy Z
Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical University of Lodz, Poland.
Adv Clin Exp Med. 2015 Nov-Dec;24(6):931-41. doi: 10.17219/acem/31243.
Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) include two series of fatty acids: omega-6 and omega-3 series. PUFAs have amphiphatic properties: hydrophilic head and hydrophobic tail. Such structure and other properties of unsaturated fatty acids are responsible for exerting the following biological action: maintaining cell-membrane fluidity, inhib- iting inflammatory processes, decreasing secretion of proinflammatory cytokines by monocytes/macrophages, decreasing susceptibility to ventricular rhythm disorders of the heart, improving functions of vascular endothe- lial cells, inhibiting blood platelet aggregation and decreasing triglyceride synthesis in the liver. In an organism, aracidonic acid (ARA) is converted to prostanoids series 2 (PGE2, PGI2, TXA2) and leukotrienes series 4 (LTB4, LTC4, LTD4) which are endowed with pro-inflammatory potential and are able to induce platelet aggregation and vasoconstriction. The metabolism of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) gives prostanoids series 3 (PGE3, PGI3, TXA3) and leukotrienes series 5 (LTB5, LTC5, LTD5); this group of eicosanoids shows anti-inflammatory, antiplatelet and antiarrhythmic properties.
多不饱和脂肪酸（PUFAs）包括两个系列的脂肪酸：ω-6系列和ω-3系列。PUFAs具有两亲性：亲水头和疏水尾。不饱和脂肪酸的这种结构和其他特性导致其发挥以下生物学作用：维持细胞膜流动性、抑制炎症过程、减少单核细胞/巨噬细胞分泌促炎细胞因子、降低心脏室性心律失常的易感性、改善血管内皮细胞功能、抑制血小板聚集以及减少肝脏中甘油三酯的合成。在生物体内，花生四烯酸（ARA）转化为前列腺素2系列（PGE2、PGI2、TXA2）和白三烯4系列（LTB4、LTC4、LTD4），这些物质具有促炎潜能，能够诱导血小板聚集和血管收缩。二十碳五烯酸（EPA）和二十二碳六烯酸（DHA）的代谢产物为前列腺素3系列（PGE3、PGI3、TXA3）和白三烯5系列（LTB5、LTC5、LTD5）；这一组类花生酸具有抗炎、抗血小板和抗心律失常特性。
