Bagshawe A, Scott G C, Russell D A, Wigley S C, Merianos A, Berry G
Bull World Health Organ. 1989;67(4):389-99.
The efficacy of BCG vaccine in preventing the clinical manifestations of leprosy in a tuberculosis-free area of Papua New Guinea is reported. Between 1963 and 1966 a total of 5356 subjects, randomized to receive BCG or saline inoculations, were examined for leprosy before the vaccination and surveillance was continued until 1979. BCG afforded 48% protection against clinical leprosy, being most effective against borderline tuberculoid leprosy and in children vaccinated when under 15 years old. Protection was evident within 12 months in those vaccinated between the ages of 10 and 15 years but was delayed in other age groups. There was evidence for accelerated manifestations of tuberculoid leprosy in children vaccinated when under 5 years of age. Tuberculin sensitivity was more likely to be sustained following multiple BCG inoculations; vaccinees with sustained tuberculin sensitivity had the lowest incidence of leprosy, but protection was also evident in tuberculin-negative vaccinees. These results may have implications for ongoing trials of leprosy vaccine incorporating BCG.
据报道，卡介苗在巴布亚新几内亚一个无结核病地区预防麻风病临床表现方面的疗效。1963年至1966年期间，共有5356名受试者被随机分配接受卡介苗或生理盐水接种，在接种前对其进行麻风病检查，并持续监测至1979年。卡介苗对临床麻风病提供了48%的保护作用，对界线类偏结核样型麻风病最为有效，且对15岁以下接种疫苗的儿童最为有效。在10至15岁接种疫苗的人群中，12个月内即可显现出保护作用，但在其他年龄组中则延迟出现。有证据表明，5岁以下接种疫苗的儿童中结核样型麻风病的表现会加速。多次接种卡介苗后，结核菌素敏感性更有可能持续；结核菌素敏感性持续的接种者麻风病发病率最低，但在结核菌素阴性的接种者中也明显存在保护作用。这些结果可能对正在进行的含卡介苗麻风病疫苗试验有启示意义。
