Barr S I, Costill D L
School of Family and Nutritional Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada.
J Am Diet Assoc. 1989 Nov;89(11):1629-32, 1635.
Several cases of hyponatremia, with symptoms including altered mentation, seizures, and pulmonary edema, have been reported in endurance athletes over the last few years. This condition has been observed most frequently in individuals participating in ultra-distance events but has also been reported in a marathon runner. Excessive water intake has been identified as a common etiological factor. Given that this is a serious condition but that the risks of impaired performance and heat injury from inadequate water ingestion are substantial, how likely is it that hyponatremia will develop in events of marathon duration or shorter? A review of fluid and electrolyte balance--and an example of expected sodium and fluid losses in a marathon runner--suggest that normal regulatory mechanisms should prevent its occurrence in the absence of other contributing factors. Accordingly, ingestion of adequate fluid should remain a priority for individuals engaged in endurance activity.
在过去几年中，耐力运动员出现了几例低钠血症，症状包括精神状态改变、癫痫发作和肺水肿。这种情况在参加超长距离赛事的运动员中最为常见，但也有马拉松运动员出现过此类报告。过量饮水已被确定为常见的病因。鉴于这是一种严重的情况，同时因饮水不足导致运动表现受损和热损伤的风险也很大，那么在马拉松或更短距离的赛事中发生低钠血症的可能性有多大呢？对液体和电解质平衡的回顾——以及一名马拉松运动员预期的钠和液体流失示例——表明，在没有其他促成因素的情况下，正常的调节机制应可防止低钠血症的发生。因此，对于从事耐力活动的人来说，摄入充足的液体仍然是首要任务。
