MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2016 Mar 25;65(11):290-2. doi: 10.15585/mmwr.mm6511e3.
Zika virus transmission was detected in the Region of the Americas (Americas) in Brazil in May 2015, and as of March 21, 2016, local mosquito-borne transmission of Zika virus had been reported in 32 countries and territories in the Americas, including Puerto Rico and the U.S. Virgin Islands.* Most persons infected with Zika virus have a mild illness or are asymptomatic. However, increasing evidence supports a link between Zika virus infection during pregnancy and adverse pregnancy and birth outcomes (1), and a possible association between recent Zika virus infection and Guillain-Barré syndrome has been reported (2). Although Zika virus is primarily transmitted through the bite of Aedes species of mosquitoes, sexual transmission also has been documented (3). Zika virus RNA has been detected in a number of body fluids, including blood, urine, saliva, and amniotic fluid (3-5), and whereas transmission associated with occupational exposure to these body fluids is theoretically possible, it has not been documented. Although there are no reports of transmission of Zika virus from infected patients to health care personnel or other patients, minimizing exposures to body fluids is important to reduce the possibility of such transmission. CDC recommends Standard Precautions in all health care settings to protect both health care personnel and patients from infection with Zika virus as well as from blood-borne pathogens (e.g., human immunodeficiency virus [HIV] and hepatitis C virus [HCV]) (6). Because of the potential for exposure to large volumes of body fluids during the labor and delivery process and the sometimes unpredictable and fast-paced nature of obstetrical care, the use of Standard Precautions in these settings is essential to prevent possible transmission of Zika virus from patients to health care personnel.
寨卡病毒于 2015 年 5 月在巴西美洲地区（美洲）被检测到传播，截至 2016 年 3 月 21 日，美洲 32 个国家和地区报告了本地蚊媒传播寨卡病毒，包括波多黎各和美属维尔京群岛。*大多数感染寨卡病毒的人病情轻微或无症状。然而，越来越多的证据支持寨卡病毒感染与妊娠不良结局和出生缺陷之间存在关联（1），并且最近报告了寨卡病毒感染与格林-巴利综合征之间可能存在关联（2）。尽管寨卡病毒主要通过埃及伊蚊等蚊种传播，但也有性传播的记录（3）。寨卡病毒 RNA 已在多种体液中检测到，包括血液、尿液、唾液和羊水（3-5），虽然与这些体液相关的职业暴露传播理论上是可能的，但尚未有记录。虽然没有寨卡病毒从感染患者传播给医护人员或其他患者的报告，但尽量减少接触体液对于降低此类传播的可能性非常重要。美国疾病预防控制中心（CDC）建议在所有医疗保健环境中采用标准预防措施，以保护医护人员和患者免受寨卡病毒以及血源性病原体（如人类免疫缺陷病毒[HIV]和丙型肝炎病毒[HCV]）感染（6）。由于在分娩和分娩过程中可能接触大量体液，并且产科护理的性质有时不可预测且节奏快，因此在这些环境中采用标准预防措施对于防止寨卡病毒从患者传播给医护人员至关重要。
