Cheng Guo, Duan Ruonan, Kranz Sibylle, Libuda Lars, Zhang Lishi
J Acad Nutr Diet. 2016 Apr;116(4):608-17. doi: 10.1016/j.jand.2015.11.010. Epub 2016 Jan 27.
A composite measure of diet quality is preferable to an index of nutrients, food groups, or health-promoting behaviors in dietary assessment. However, to date, such a tool for Chinese children is lacking.
Based on the current Chinese Dietary Guidelines and Dietary Reference Intakes, a dietary index for Chinese school-aged children, the Chinese Children Dietary Index was developed to assess overall diet quality among children in South China.
Dietary data were recorded using 24-hour recalls among 1,719 children aged 7 to 15 years between March and June 2013. Inactivity data and sociodemographic information were also collected. The Chinese Children Dietary Index included 16 components, which incorporated nutrients, foods/food groups, and health-promoting behaviors. The range of possible Chinese Children Dietary Index scores was 0 to 160, with a higher score indicating better diet quality.
Pearson/Spearman correlation was used to assess relative validity using correlations between total Chinese Children Dietary Index score and age, body mass index (BMI; calculated as kg/m(2)), inactivity, whole-grain intake, frequency of fried-foods intake, nutrient adequacy ratios for energy intake and 12 nutrients not included in the Chinese Children Dietary Index, and the mean adequacy ratio. Finally, a stepwise multiple regression analysis was performed to indicate the factors correlated with Chinese Children Dietary Index.
Mean Chinese Children Dietary Index score of this sample was 88.1 points (range=34.2 to 137.8), the Chinese Children Dietary Index score of girls was higher than that of boys and decreased with higher age. Children with higher Chinese Children Dietary Index had lower body mass index and spent less time being inactive. Positive associations were observed between Chinese Children Dietary Index and the majority of nutrient adequacy ratios and the mean adequacy ratio. Age, paternal educational level, and family size were correlated with Chinese Children Dietary Index.
The Chinese Children Dietary Index successfully differentiated diets and, therefore, it can be used to rank-order overall diet quality among Chinese children. As the results showed, diet quality among Chinese children needs to be improved, especially in adolescents.
在饮食评估中，饮食质量的综合衡量指标比营养素、食物类别或促进健康行为的指标更为可取。然而，迄今为止，针对中国儿童的此类工具尚付阙如。
基于现行的《中国居民膳食指南》和《中国居民膳食营养素参考摄入量》，制定了一项针对中国学龄儿童的饮食指数——中国儿童饮食指数，以评估中国南方儿童的整体饮食质量。
2013年3月至6月期间，采用24小时膳食回顾法记录了1719名7至15岁儿童的饮食数据。还收集了身体活动不足数据和社会人口学信息。中国儿童饮食指数包含16个组成部分，涵盖营养素、食物/食物类别以及促进健康的行为。中国儿童饮食指数的得分范围为0至160分，得分越高表明饮食质量越好。
采用Pearson/Spearman相关性分析，通过中国儿童饮食指数总分与年龄、体重指数（BMI；计算方法为千克/米²）、身体活动不足、全谷物摄入量油炸食品摄入频率、能量摄入以及中国儿童饮食指数未涵盖的12种营养素的营养素充足率和平均充足率之间的相关性，评估相对效度。最后，进行逐步多元回归分析，以表明与中国儿童饮食指数相关的因素。
该样本的中国儿童饮食指数平均得分为88.1分（范围=34.2至137.8），女孩的中国儿童饮食指数得分高于男孩，且随年龄增长而降低。中国儿童饮食指数较高者的体重指数较低，身体活动不足的时间较少。中国儿童饮食指数与大多数营养素充足率和平均充足率呈正相关。年龄、父亲教育水平和家庭规模与中国儿童饮食指数相关。
中国儿童饮食指数成功地区分了不同的饮食模式，因此可用于对中国儿童的整体饮食质量进行排序。结果显示，中国儿童的饮食质量有待提高，尤其是青少年。
