Ohshima Tomoko, Kojima Yukako, Seneviratne Chaminda J, Maeda Nobuko
Department of Oral Microbiology, School of Dental Medicine, Tsurumi University Kanagawa, Japan.
Department of Oral Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, National University of Singapore Singapore, Singapore.
Front Microbiol. 2016 Jan 25;7:10. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2016.00010. eCollection 2016.
Candida is a major human fungal pathogen causing infectious conditions predominantly in the elderly and immunocompromised hosts. Although Candida resides as a member of the oral indigenous microbiota in symbiosis, some circumstances may cause microbial imbalance leading to dysbiosis and resultant oral candidiasis. Therefore, oral microbial symbiosis that suppresses the overgrowth of Candida is important for a healthy oral ecosystem. In this regard, probiotics, prebiotics, and synbiotics can be considered a potential therapeutic and preventive strategy against oral candidiasis. Prebiotics have a direct effect on microbial growth as they stimulate the growth of beneficial bacteria and suppress the growth of pathogens. Probiotics render a local protective effect against pathogens and a systemic indirect effect on immunological amelioration. Synbiotics are fusion products of prebiotics and probiotics. This mini review discusses the potential use and associated limitations of probiotics, prebiotics, and synbiotics for the prevention and treatment of oral candidiasis. We will also introduce biogenics, a recent concept derived from the work on probiotics. Biogenics advocates the use of beneficial bioactive substances produced by probiotic bacteria, whose activities are independent from the viability of probiotic bacteria in human bodies.
念珠菌是一种主要的人类真菌病原体,主要在老年人和免疫功能低下的宿主中引起感染性疾病。尽管念珠菌作为口腔固有微生物群的一员以共生状态存在,但某些情况可能导致微生物失衡,进而导致生态失调和由此引发的口腔念珠菌病。因此,抑制念珠菌过度生长的口腔微生物共生对于健康的口腔生态系统很重要。在这方面,益生菌、益生元及合生元可被视为对抗口腔念珠菌病的一种潜在治疗和预防策略。益生元对微生物生长有直接影响,因为它们能刺激有益细菌的生长并抑制病原体的生长。益生菌对病原体具有局部保护作用,并对免疫改善具有全身性间接作用。合生元是益生元和益生菌的融合产物。这篇小型综述讨论了益生菌、益生元及合生元在预防和治疗口腔念珠菌病方面的潜在用途及相关局限性。我们还将介绍生物制剂,这是一个源自益生菌研究工作的最新概念。生物制剂主张使用益生菌产生的有益生物活性物质,其活性独立于益生菌在人体内的生存能力。