Huang Qiang, Chen Yan Ping, Wang Rui Wu, Cheng Shang, Evans Jay D
State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Science, Kunming, 650223, China.
USDA-ARS Bee Research Laboratory, BARC-East Building 306, Beltsville, Maryland, 20705, United States of America.
PLoS One. 2016 Feb 3;11(2):e0147549. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0147549. eCollection 2016.
To clarify the mechanisms of Nosema ceranae parasitism, we deep-sequenced both honey bee host and parasite mRNAs throughout a complete 6-day infection cycle. By time-series analysis, 1122 parasite genes were significantly differently expressed during the reproduction cycle, clustering into 4 expression patterns. We found reactive mitochondrial oxygen species modulator 1 of the host to be significantly down regulated during the entire infection period. Our data support the hypothesis that apoptosis of honey bee cells was suppressed during infection. We further analyzed genome-wide genetic diversity of this parasite by comparing samples collected from the same site in 2007 and 2013. The number of SNP positions per gene and the proportion of non-synonymous substitutions per gene were significantly reduced over this time period, suggesting purifying selection on the parasite genome and supporting the hypothesis that a subset of N. ceranae strains might be dominating infection.
为阐明蜜蜂微孢子虫寄生的机制，我们在整个6天的感染周期内对蜜蜂宿主和寄生虫的mRNA进行了深度测序。通过时间序列分析，1122个寄生虫基因在繁殖周期中表达存在显著差异，聚为4种表达模式。我们发现宿主的活性线粒体氧物种调节剂1在整个感染期显著下调。我们的数据支持了感染期间蜜蜂细胞凋亡受到抑制这一假说。我们通过比较2007年和2013年从同一地点采集的样本，进一步分析了这种寄生虫的全基因组遗传多样性。在此期间，每个基因的单核苷酸多态性（SNP）位点数量和每个基因非同义替换的比例显著降低，表明对寄生虫基因组进行了纯化选择，并支持了蜜蜂微孢子虫的一个菌株子集可能主导感染这一假说。
