Mumford Sunni L, Chavarro Jorge E, Zhang Cuilin, Perkins Neil J, Sjaarda Lindsey A, Pollack Anna Z, Schliep Karen C, Michels Kara A, Zarek Shvetha M, Plowden Torie C, Radin Rose G, Messer Lynne C, Frankel Robyn A, Wactawski-Wende Jean
Division of Intramural Population Health Research and
Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA;
Am J Clin Nutr. 2016 Mar;103(3):868-77. doi: 10.3945/ajcn.115.119321. Epub 2016 Feb 3.
Emerging evidence suggests potential links between some dietary fatty acids and improved fertility, because specific fatty acids may affect prostaglandin synthesis and steroidogenesis.
The objective of this exploratory study was to evaluate associations between total and specific types of dietary fat intake and 1) hormone concentrations and 2) the risk of sporadic anovulation in a cohort of 259 regularly menstruating women in the BioCycle Study.
Endogenous reproductive hormones were measured up to 8 times/cycle for up to 2 cycles, with visits scheduled with the use of fertility monitors. Dietary intake was assessed with up to four 24-h recalls/cycle. Linear mixed models and generalized linear models were used to evaluate the associations between dietary fatty acids and both reproductive hormone concentrations and ovulatory status. All models were adjusted for total energy intake, age, body mass index, and race.
Relative to the lowest levels of percentage of energy from total fat, the highest tertile was associated with increased total and free testosterone concentrations (total: percentage change of 4.0%; 95% CI: 0.7%, 7.3%; free: percentage change of 4.1%; 95% CI: 0.5%, 7.7%). In particular, the percentage of energy from polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) in the highest tertile was associated with increases in total and free testosterone (total: percentage change of 3.7%; 95% CI: 0.6%, 6.8%; free: percentage change of 4.0%; 95% CI: 0.5%, 7.5%). The PUFA docosapentaenoic acid (22:5n-3) was not significantly associated with testosterone concentrations (P-trend = 0.86 in energy substitution models) but was associated with increased progesterone and a reduced risk of anovulation (highest tertile compared with the lowest tertile: RR: 0.42; 95% CI: 0.18, 0.95). Fat intakes were not associated with other reproductive hormone concentrations.
These results indicate that total fat intake, and PUFA intake in particular, is associated with very small increases in testosterone concentrations in healthy women and that increased docosapentaenoic acid was associated with a lower risk of anovulation.
新出现的证据表明，某些膳食脂肪酸与生育能力改善之间可能存在联系，因为特定脂肪酸可能会影响前列腺素合成和类固醇生成。
这项探索性研究的目的是评估在生物周期研究中259名月经规律的女性队列中，膳食脂肪总摄入量和特定类型与1）激素浓度以及2）散发性无排卵风险之间的关联。
在长达2个周期内，使用生育监测器安排就诊，每个周期对内生性生殖激素进行多达8次测量。通过每个周期多达4次的24小时膳食回顾来评估膳食摄入量。使用线性混合模型和广义线性模型来评估膳食脂肪酸与生殖激素浓度和排卵状态之间的关联。所有模型均针对总能量摄入、年龄、体重指数和种族进行了调整。
相对于总脂肪能量百分比的最低水平，最高三分位数与总睾酮和游离睾酮浓度升高相关（总睾酮：百分比变化4.0%；95%置信区间：0.7%，7.3%；游离睾酮：百分比变化4.1%；95%置信区间：0.5%，7.7%）。特别是，最高三分位数中多不饱和脂肪酸（PUFA）的能量百分比与总睾酮和游离睾酮增加相关（总睾酮：百分比变化3.7%；95%置信区间：0.6%，6.8%；游离睾酮：百分比变化4.0%；95%置信区间：0.5%，7.5%）。PUFA二十二碳五烯酸（22:5n-3）与睾酮浓度无显著关联（能量替代模型中P趋势 = 0.86），但与孕酮增加和无排卵风险降低相关（最高三分位数与最低三分位数相比：相对风险：0.42；95%置信区间：0.18，0.95）。脂肪摄入量与其他生殖激素浓度无关。
这些结果表明，总脂肪摄入量，尤其是PUFA摄入量，与健康女性睾酮浓度的微小升高有关，而二十二碳五烯酸增加与无排卵风险降低有关。
