Advanced Center for Translational Regenerative Medicine (ACTREM), Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology (CLINTEC), Division of Ear, Nose and Throat, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden and Fachbereich Physik, Philipps Universität Marburg, Marburg, Germany.
Department of Nanobiomedicine, ENT/University Medical Center of Mainz, Mainz, Germany.
Chem Soc Rev. 2016 May 3;45(9):2440-57. doi: 10.1039/c5cs00699f.
What happens to inorganic nanoparticles (NPs), such as plasmonic gold or silver, superparamagnetic iron oxide, or fluorescent quantum dot NPs after they have been administrated to a living being? This review discusses the integrity, biodistribution, and fate of NPs after in vivo administration. The hybrid nature of the NPs is described, conceptually divided into the inorganic core, the engineered surface coating comprising of the ligand shell and optionally also bio-conjugates, and the corona of adsorbed biological molecules. Empirical evidence shows that all of these three compounds may degrade individually in vivo and can drastically modify the life cycle and biodistribution of the whole heterostructure. Thus, the NPs may be decomposed into different parts, whose biodistribution and fate would need to be analyzed individually. Multiple labeling and quantification strategies for such a purpose will be discussed. All reviewed data indicate that NPs in vivo should no longer be considered as homogeneous entities, but should be seen as inorganic/organic/biological nano-hybrids with complex and intricately linked distribution and degradation pathways.
无机纳米粒子（NPs），如等离子体金或银、超顺磁性氧化铁或荧光量子点 NPs，在被施用于生物体后会发生什么变化？本文综述了 NPs 体内给药后的完整性、生物分布和命运。NPs 的混合性质被描述为，概念上分为无机核、由配体壳组成的工程表面涂层，以及可选的生物缀合物，以及吸附的生物分子的冠。经验证据表明，这三种化合物都可能在体内单独降解，并可极大地改变整个异质结构的生命周期和生物分布。因此，NPs 可能会分解成不同的部分，需要单独分析它们的生物分布和命运。为此目的将讨论多种标记和定量策略。所有综述数据表明，体内的 NPs 不应再被视为同质实体，而应被视为具有复杂和错综复杂的分布和降解途径的无机/有机/生物纳米杂化物。
