Khatoon Jahanarah, Rai Ravi Prakash, Prasad Kashi Nath
Jahanarah Khatoon, Ravi Prakash Rai, Kashi Nath Prasad, Department of Microbiology, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh 226014, India.
World J Gastrointest Oncol. 2016 Feb 15;8(2):147-58. doi: 10.4251/wjgo.v8.i2.147.
Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection is highly prevalent in human, affecting nearly half of the world's population; however, infection remains asymptomatic in majority of population. During its co-existence with humans, H. pylori has evolved various strategies to maintain a mild gastritis and limit the immune response of host. On the other side, presence of H. pylori is also associated with increased risk for the development of various gastric pathologies including gastric cancer (GC). A complex combination of host genetics, environmental agents, and bacterial virulence factors are considered to determine the susceptibility as well as the severity of outcome in a subset of individuals. GC is one of the most common cancers and considered as the third most common cause of cancer related death worldwide. Many studies had proved H. pylori as an important risk factor in the development of non-cardia GC. Although both H. pylori infection and GC are showing decreasing trends in the developed world, they still remain a major threat to human population in the developing countries. The current review attempts to highlight recent progress in the field of research on H. pylori induced GC and aims to provide brief insight into H. pylori pathogenesis, the role of major virulence factors of H. pylori that modulates the host environment and transform the normal gastric epithelium to neoplastic one. This review also emphasizes on the mechanistic understanding of how colonization and various virulence attributes of H. pylori as well as the host innate and adaptive immune responses modulate the diverse signaling pathways that leads to different disease outcomes including GC.
幽门螺杆菌（H. pylori）感染在人类中非常普遍，影响着近一半的世界人口；然而，大多数感染者并无症状。在与人类共存的过程中，幽门螺杆菌进化出了多种策略来维持轻度胃炎并限制宿主的免疫反应。另一方面，幽门螺杆菌的存在也与包括胃癌（GC）在内的各种胃部疾病的发病风险增加有关。宿主遗传学、环境因素和细菌毒力因子的复杂组合被认为决定了一部分个体的易感性以及疾病结果的严重程度。胃癌是最常见的癌症之一，被认为是全球癌症相关死亡的第三大常见原因。许多研究已证明幽门螺杆菌是非贲门胃癌发生的重要危险因素。尽管在发达国家，幽门螺杆菌感染和胃癌的发病率都呈下降趋势，但它们仍然是发展中国家人口面临的主要威胁。本综述试图突出幽门螺杆菌诱发胃癌领域的最新研究进展，旨在简要介绍幽门螺杆菌的发病机制、幽门螺杆菌主要毒力因子在调节宿主环境以及将正常胃上皮细胞转化为肿瘤细胞方面的作用。本综述还强调了对幽门螺杆菌的定植、各种毒力特性以及宿主固有和适应性免疫反应如何调节导致包括胃癌在内的不同疾病结果的多种信号通路的机制理解。
