Maddow-Zimet Isaac, Lindberg Laura, Kost Kathryn, Lincoln Alicia
Guttmacher Institute, New York.
Oklahoma Department of Health, Oklahoma City.
Perspect Sex Reprod Health. 2016 Mar;48(1):35-43. doi: 10.1363/48e8116. Epub 2016 Feb 29.
In addition to having associations with health outcomes, pregnancy intentions may be associated with social outcomes, including marital transitions.
Linked data from the 2004-2008 Oklahoma Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring System and The Oklahoma Toddler Survey for 2006-2010 on 3,617 women who were married and 2,123 who were unmarried at conception were used to examine the relationship between pregnancy intention status (intended, mistimed by less than two years, mistimed by two or more years, or unwanted) and marital formation or dissolution by the time of the birth and two years later. Logistic regression analyses were conducted, and propensity score methods were used to adjust for confounding characteristics.
Intention status was associated with marital transition two years after the birth, but not between conception and birth. In adjusted models, among women married at conception, those with a birth resulting from an unwanted pregnancy were more likely than those with a birth resulting from an intended pregnancy to transition out of marriage by the time their child was two years old (odds ratio, 2.2). Among women unmarried at conception, those with a birth following an unwanted pregnancy were less likely than those with a birth following an intended pregnancy to marry by the time their child was two (0.5). Births following mistimed pregnancies were not associated with marital transition.
The findings should motivate researchers to broaden the scope of research on the consequences of unintended childbearing. Future research should distinguish between mistimed and unwanted births.
妊娠意愿除了与健康结果相关外，还可能与社会结果相关，包括婚姻转变。
利用2004 - 2008年俄克拉荷马州妊娠风险评估监测系统以及2006 - 2010年俄克拉荷马州幼儿调查的关联数据，这些数据涉及3617名怀孕时已婚和2123名怀孕时未婚的女性，以研究妊娠意愿状态（有意、提前不到两年、提前两年或更长时间、意外妊娠）与孩子出生时及出生两年后的婚姻形成或解体之间的关系。进行了逻辑回归分析，并使用倾向得分方法来调整混杂特征。
妊娠意愿状态与孩子出生两年后的婚姻转变有关，但与受孕至出生期间无关。在调整后的模型中，在怀孕时已婚的女性中，意外怀孕生育的女性在孩子两岁时比有意怀孕生育的女性更有可能离婚（优势比为2.2）。在怀孕时未婚的女性中，意外怀孕生育的女性在孩子两岁时比有意怀孕生育的女性结婚的可能性更小（0.5）。计划外怀孕后的生育与婚姻转变无关。
这些发现应促使研究人员拓宽对意外生育后果的研究范围。未来的研究应区分计划外怀孕和意外怀孕。
