Breton Carrie V, Mack Wendy J, Yao Jin, Berhane Kiros, Amadeus Milena, Lurmann Fred, Gilliland Frank, McConnell Rob, Hodis Howard N, Künzli Nino, Avol Ed
University of Southern California, Dept of Preventive Medicine, 2001 N Soto St., Los Angeles, California, 90089, United States of America.
University of Southern California, Atherosclerosis Research Unit, 2250 Alcazar Street, CSC 132, Los Angeles, California, 90033, United States of America.
PLoS One. 2016 Mar 7;11(3):e0150825. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0150825. eCollection 2016.
Exposure to ambient air pollutants increases risk for adverse cardiovascular health outcomes in adults. We aimed to evaluate the contribution of prenatal air pollutant exposure to cardiovascular health, which has not been thoroughly evaluated. The Testing Responses on Youth (TROY) study consists of 768 college students recruited from the University of Southern California in 2007-2009. Participants attended one study visit during which blood pressure, heart rate and carotid artery arterial stiffness (CAS) and carotid artery intima-media thickness (CIMT) were assessed. Prenatal residential addresses were geocoded and used to assign prenatal and postnatal air pollutant exposure estimates using the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's Air Quality System (AQS) database. The associations between CAS, CIMT and air pollutants were assessed using linear regression analysis. Prenatal PM10 and PM2.5 exposures were associated with increased CAS. For example, a 2 SD increase in prenatal PM2.5 was associated with CAS indices, including a 5% increase (β = 1.05, 95% CI 1.00-1.10) in carotid stiffness index beta, a 5% increase (β = 1.05, 95% CI 1.01-1.10) in Young's elastic modulus and a 5% decrease (β = 0.95, 95% CI 0.91-0.99) in distensibility. Mutually adjusted models of pre- and postnatal PM2.5 further suggested the prenatal exposure was most relevant exposure period for CAS. No associations were observed for CIMT. In conclusion, prenatal exposure to elevated air pollutants may increase carotid arterial stiffness in a young adult population of college students. Efforts aimed at limiting prenatal exposures are important public health goals.
暴露于环境空气污染物会增加成年人出现心血管健康不良后果的风险。我们旨在评估产前空气污染物暴露对心血管健康的影响，此前这方面尚未得到充分评估。青少年测试反应（TROY）研究于2007年至2009年从南加州大学招募了768名大学生。参与者参加了一次研究访问，期间评估了血压、心率、颈动脉僵硬度（CAS）和颈动脉内膜中层厚度（CIMT）。对产前居住地址进行地理编码，并使用美国环境保护局的空气质量系统（AQS）数据库来确定产前和产后空气污染物暴露估计值。使用线性回归分析评估CAS、CIMT与空气污染物之间的关联。产前PM10和PM2.5暴露与CAS增加有关。例如，产前PM2.5增加2个标准差与CAS指标相关，包括颈动脉僵硬度指数β增加5%（β = 1.05，95%CI 1.00 - 1.10），杨氏弹性模量增加5%（β = 1.05，95%CI 1.01 - 1.10），扩张性降低5%（β = 0.95，95%CI 0.91 - 0.99）。产前和产后PM2.5的相互调整模型进一步表明，产前暴露是与CAS最相关的暴露期。未观察到CIMT有相关性。总之，产前暴露于高浓度空气污染物可能会增加年轻大学生群体的颈动脉僵硬度。旨在限制产前暴露的措施是重要的公共卫生目标。
