Choi Jung Ran, Park Seong Yong, Noh O Kyu, Koh Young Wha, Kang Dae Ryong
Department of Bio-resource engineering, College of Life Sciences, Sejong University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Republic of Korea.
Ann Occup Environ Med. 2016 Mar 16;28:13. doi: 10.1186/s40557-016-0095-2. eCollection 2016.
Although the incidence and mortality for most cancers such as lung and colon are decreasing in several countries, they are increasing in several developed countries because of an unhealthy western lifestyles including smoking, physical inactivity and consumption of calorie-dense food. The incidences for lung and colon cancers in a few of these countries have already exceeded those in the United States and other western countries. Among them, lung cancer is the main cause of cancer death in worldwide. The cumulative survival rate at five years differs between 13 and 21 % in several countries. Although the most important risk factors are smoking for lung cancer, however, the increased incidence of lung cancer in never smokers(LCINS) is necessary to improve knowledge concerning other risk factors. Environmental factors and genetic susceptibility are also thought to contribute to lung cancer risk. Patients with lung adenocarcinoma who have never smoking frequently contain mutation within tyrosine kinase domain of the epidermal growth factor receptor(EGFR) gene. Also, K-ras mutations are more common in individuals with a history of smoking use and are related with resistance to EFGR-tyrosine kinase inhibitors. Recently, radon(Rn), natural and noble gas, has been recognized as second common reason of lung cancer. In this review, we aim to know whether residential radon is associated with an increased risk for developing lung cancer and regulated by several genetic polymorphisms.
尽管在一些国家，肺癌和结肠癌等大多数癌症的发病率和死亡率正在下降，但在一些发达国家，由于不健康的西方生活方式，包括吸烟、缺乏体育锻炼和食用高热量食物，这些癌症的发病率却在上升。其中一些国家的肺癌和结肠癌发病率已经超过了美国和其他西方国家。其中，肺癌是全球癌症死亡的主要原因。几个国家的五年累计生存率在13%至21%之间有所不同。虽然肺癌最重要的风险因素是吸烟，但是，从不吸烟者中肺癌发病率的增加有必要提高对其他风险因素的认识。环境因素和遗传易感性也被认为与肺癌风险有关。从不吸烟的肺腺癌患者通常在表皮生长因子受体（EGFR）基因的酪氨酸激酶结构域内存在突变。此外，K-ras突变在有吸烟史的个体中更为常见，并且与对EFGR-酪氨酸激酶抑制剂的耐药性有关。最近，氡（Rn），一种天然惰性气体，已被确认为肺癌的第二大常见病因。在本综述中，我们旨在了解室内氡是否与肺癌发生风险增加有关，以及是否受几种基因多态性的调控。
