Lino Aline da Rocha, Abrahão Carina Meira, Amarante Marcus Paulo Fernandes, de Sousa Cruz Marcelo Rocha
Rua Martiniano de Carvalho, 965, Bela Vista, São Paul-SP, Brazil, CEP 01321-001.
Ecancermedicalscience. 2015 Sep 14;9:572. doi: 10.3332/ecancer.2015.572. eCollection 2015.
Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer death in the United States and other industrialised countries. The most important risk factor is active smoking. However, given the increased incidence of lung cancer in non-smokers, it is necessary to improve knowledge regarding other risk factors. Radon (Rn) is a noble gas and is the most important natural source of human exposure to ionizing radiation. Exposure to high levels of this radioactive gas is related to an increased risk of developing lung cancer. The objective of this work is to highlight the importance of measuring indoor concentration of this gas and identify which steps should be taken for achieving radiological protection. A survey was conducted on the websites of the National Health Surveillance Agency (ANVISA), LAMIN (Mineral Analysis Laboratory), CPRM (Geological Survey of Brazil), Ministry of Health and PubMed. Using the words 'radon', 'lung', 'cancer', and PubMed®, 1,371 results were obtained; when using the words 'radon', 'lung', 'cancer', and with 'Brazil' or 'Brazilians', only six results were obtained. We emphasise that lung cancer is a major public health problem and the exposure to Rn indoors should be considered as a risk factor for lung cancer in non-smokers. Buildings or houses with high concentrations of Rn should be identified. However, currently in Brazil-a country with great potential for mineral extraction-there are no specific regulated recommendations to control indoor exposure to Rn.
肺癌是美国和其他工业化国家癌症死亡的主要原因。最重要的风险因素是主动吸烟。然而，鉴于非吸烟者中肺癌发病率的上升，有必要提高对其他风险因素的认识。氡（Rn）是一种惰性气体，是人类接触电离辐射的最重要天然来源。接触高浓度的这种放射性气体与患肺癌风险增加有关。这项工作的目的是强调测量这种气体室内浓度的重要性，并确定为实现放射防护应采取哪些措施。对国家卫生监督局（ANVISA）、LAMIN（矿物分析实验室）、CPRM（巴西地质调查局）、卫生部和PubMed的网站进行了调查。使用“氡”“肺”“癌”以及“PubMed®”等关键词，获得了1371条结果；当使用“氡”“肺”“癌”以及“巴西”或“巴西人”等关键词时，仅获得了6条结果。我们强调，肺癌是一个重大的公共卫生问题，室内接触氡应被视为非吸烟者患肺癌的一个风险因素。应识别出氡浓度高的建筑物或房屋。然而，目前在巴西这个具有巨大矿产开采潜力的国家，尚无控制室内氡接触的具体规范建议。
