Hershberger Alexandra, Zapolski Tamika, Aalsma Matthew C
Department of Psychology, Indiana University Purdue University, Indianapolis, IN, United States.
Department of Psychology, Indiana University Purdue University, Indianapolis, IN, United States.
Addict Behav. 2016 Aug;59:7-11. doi: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2016.03.003. Epub 2016 Mar 11.
Cigarette use is a prominent problem in juvenile offenders, leading to negative health outcomes and substance use. One interesting precipitator of cigarette use in this population is discrimination. Social support could potentially buffer the positive relationship between cigarette use and discrimination in juvenile offenders, which could be dependent on the context in which the discrimination is experienced, such as peer, institutional (e.g., stores, restaurants), or educational contexts. The present study explored the relationship between three types of discrimination, social support, and smoking outcomes among 112 detained and probated juvenile offenders (mean age=16.24, SD=2.11, 29.2% female, 54.9% Caucasian, 40.4% detention, 53.8% smokers). Results indicated that the relationship between institutional discrimination (OR=-0.10, p=0.005) and peer discrimination (OR=-0.11, p=0.01) were significantly moderated by social support, with a higher likelihood of being a smoker, compared to a non-smoker at higher levels of peer and institutional discrimination. Further, based on a moderated regression analysis, results indicated that youth who experienced greater educational discrimination and lower levels of social support, they were at higher risk of nicotine addiction (b=-0.09, p=0.03). Overall, results indicate that varying avenues of social support, such as parent, peer, and teacher support, can mitigate negative effects of discrimination on juvenile offenders, particularly cigarette use. Addressing discrimination in smoking treatment and prevention in juvenile offenders may be of great utility. Future studies should examine the potential mechanisms underlying the discrimination and cigarette use connection in juvenile offenders.
吸烟在青少年罪犯中是一个突出问题，会导致负面健康后果和物质使用。该人群中一个有趣的吸烟诱发因素是歧视。社会支持可能会缓冲青少年罪犯中吸烟与歧视之间的正向关系，这可能取决于经历歧视的背景，如同伴、机构（如商店、餐馆）或教育背景。本研究探讨了112名被拘留和缓刑的青少年罪犯（平均年龄 = 16.24，标准差 = 2.11，29.2%为女性，54.9%为白种人，40.4%被拘留，53.8%吸烟）中三种歧视类型、社会支持与吸烟结果之间的关系。结果表明，社会支持显著调节了机构歧视（比值比 = -0.10，p = 0.005）和同伴歧视（比值比 = -0.11，p = 0.01）之间的关系，与非吸烟者相比，在同伴和机构歧视程度较高时，吸烟的可能性更大。此外，基于调节回归分析，结果表明经历更多教育歧视且社会支持水平较低的青少年，尼古丁成瘾风险更高（b = -0.09，p = 0.03）。总体而言，结果表明不同途径的社会支持，如父母、同伴和教师的支持，可以减轻歧视对青少年罪犯的负面影响，尤其是吸烟方面。解决青少年罪犯吸烟治疗和预防中的歧视问题可能非常有用。未来研究应探讨青少年罪犯中歧视与吸烟关联背后的潜在机制。
