Huang Pei, Fang Rong, Li Bin-Yin, Chen Sheng-Di
Department of Neurology and Institute of Neurology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine Shanghai, China.
Department of Neurology, Ruijin Hospital and Ruijin Hospital North, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine Shanghai, China.
Front Aging Neurosci. 2016 Mar 7;8:47. doi: 10.3389/fnagi.2016.00047. eCollection 2016.
Aging and mild cognitive impairment (MCI) are accompanied by decline of cognitive functions. Meanwhile, the most common form of dementia is Alzheimer's disease (AD), which is characterized by loss of memory and other intellectual abilities serious to make difficulties for patients in their daily life. MCI is a transition period between normal aging and dementia, which has been used for early detection of emerging dementia. It converts to dementia with an annual rate of 5-15% as compared to normal aging with 1% rate. Small decreases in the conversion rate of MCI to AD might significantly reduce the prevalence of dementia. Thus, it is important to intervene at the preclinical stage. Since there are still no effective drugs to treat AD, non-drug intervention is crucial for the prevention and treatment of cognitive decline in aging and MCI populations. Previous studies have found some cognitive brain networks disrupted in aging and MCI population, and physical exercise (PE) could effectively remediate the function of these brain networks. Understanding the exercise-related mechanisms is crucial to design efficient and effective PE programs for treatment/intervention of cognitive decline. In this review, we provide an overview of the neuroimaging studies on physical training in normal aging and MCI to identify the potential mechanisms underlying current physical training procedures. Studies of functional magnetic resonance imaging, electroencephalography, magnetoencephalography and positron emission tomography on brain networks were all included. Based on our review, the default mode network, fronto-parietal network and fronto-executive network are probably the three most valuable targets for efficiency evaluation of interventions.
衰老和轻度认知障碍（MCI）伴随着认知功能的衰退。同时，最常见的痴呆形式是阿尔茨海默病（AD），其特征是记忆丧失和其他智力能力下降，严重到给患者的日常生活带来困难。MCI是正常衰老和痴呆之间的一个过渡阶段，已被用于早期检测新发痴呆。与正常衰老1%的转化率相比，MCI每年转化为痴呆的比率为5%-15%。MCI转化为AD的转化率略有下降可能会显著降低痴呆的患病率。因此，在临床前阶段进行干预很重要。由于目前仍没有有效的药物治疗AD，非药物干预对于预防和治疗衰老及MCI人群的认知衰退至关重要。先前的研究发现，衰老和MCI人群中一些认知脑网络受到破坏，而体育锻炼（PE）可以有效修复这些脑网络的功能。了解与运动相关的机制对于设计高效的体育锻炼计划以治疗/干预认知衰退至关重要。在这篇综述中，我们概述了关于正常衰老和MCI人群体育锻炼的神经影像学研究，以确定当前体育锻炼程序背后的潜在机制。纳入了对脑网络的功能磁共振成像、脑电图、脑磁图和正电子发射断层扫描的研究。基于我们的综述，默认模式网络、额顶叶网络和额执行网络可能是干预效率评估的三个最有价值的目标。
