Gallacher David J, Hart Kylie, Kotecha Sailesh
Department of Child Health, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK.
Breathe (Sheff). 2016 Mar;12(1):30-42. doi: 10.1183/20734735.000716.
Respiratory distress is a common presenting feature among newborn infants.Prompt investigation to ascertain the underlying diagnosis and appropriate subsequent management is important to improve outcomes.Many of the underlying causes of respiratory distress in a newborn are unique to this age group.A chest radiograph is crucial to assist in diagnosis of an underlying cause.
To inform readers of the common respiratory problems encountered in neonatology and the evidence-based management of these conditions.To enable readers to develop a framework for diagnosis of an infant with respiratory distress. The first hours and days of life are of crucial importance for the newborn infant as the infant adapts to the extra-uterine environment. The newborn infant is vulnerable to a range of respiratory diseases, many unique to this period of early life as the developing fluid-filled fetal lungs adapt to the extrauterine environment. The clinical signs of respiratory distress are important to recognise and further investigate, to identify the underlying cause. The epidemiology, diagnostic features and management of common neonatal respiratory conditions are covered in this review article aimed at all healthcare professionals who come into contact with newborn infants.
呼吸窘迫是新生儿常见的临床表现。及时进行检查以确定潜在诊断并进行适当的后续处理对于改善预后很重要。新生儿呼吸窘迫的许多潜在病因是该年龄组所特有的。胸部X线片对于协助诊断潜在病因至关重要。
告知读者新生儿科常见的呼吸问题以及基于证据的这些病症的处理方法。使读者能够建立一个诊断呼吸窘迫婴儿的框架。生命的最初几个小时和几天对新生儿至关重要，因为婴儿要适应宫外环境。新生儿易患一系列呼吸道疾病，其中许多是生命早期这一阶段所特有的，因为发育中的充满液体的胎儿肺要适应宫外环境。认识到呼吸窘迫的临床体征并进一步检查以确定潜在病因很重要。这篇综述文章涵盖了常见新生儿呼吸道疾病的流行病学、诊断特征和处理方法，面向所有接触新生儿的医护人员。
