Thomas Emmanuel, Liang T Jake
Schiff Center for Liver Diseases and Sylvester Cancer Center, Room PAP514, Papanicolaou Building, 1550 NW 10th Avenue, Miami, Florida 33136, USA.
Liver Diseases Branch, NIH, Building 10-9B16, Bethesda, Maryland 20892-1800, USA.
Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2016 Jun;13(6):362-74. doi: 10.1038/nrgastro.2016.37. Epub 2016 Apr 14.
Viral hepatitis is a major cause of morbidity and mortality, affecting hundreds of millions of people worldwide. Hepatitis-causing viruses initiate disease by establishing both acute and chronic infections, and several of these viruses are specifically associated with the development of hepatocellular carcinoma. Consequently, intense research efforts have been focusing on increasing our understanding of hepatitis virus biology and on improving antiviral therapy and vaccination strategies. Although valuable information on viral hepatitis emerged from careful epidemiological studies on sporadic outbreaks in humans, experimental models using cell culture, rodent and non-human primates were essential in advancing the field. Through the use of these experimental models, improvement in both the treatment and prevention of viral hepatitis has progressed rapidly; however, agents of viral hepatitis are still among the most common pathogens infecting humans. In this Review, we describe the important part that these experimental models have played in the study of viral hepatitis and led to monumental advances in our understanding and treatment of these pathogens. Ongoing developments in experimental models are also described.
病毒性肝炎是发病和死亡的主要原因，影响着全球数亿人。引起肝炎的病毒通过引发急性和慢性感染来引发疾病，其中几种病毒与肝细胞癌的发生特别相关。因此，大量的研究工作一直集中在增进我们对肝炎病毒生物学的理解以及改进抗病毒治疗和疫苗接种策略上。尽管通过对人类散发性疫情的仔细流行病学研究获得了有关病毒性肝炎的宝贵信息，但使用细胞培养、啮齿动物和非人类灵长类动物的实验模型对于推动该领域的发展至关重要。通过使用这些实验模型，病毒性肝炎的治疗和预防都取得了迅速进展；然而，病毒性肝炎病原体仍然是感染人类的最常见病原体之一。在本综述中，我们描述了这些实验模型在病毒性肝炎研究中所起的重要作用，以及它们如何在我们对这些病原体的理解和治疗方面带来了巨大进展。我们还描述了实验模型的持续发展情况。
