Feodorova Valentina A, Sayapina Lidiya V, Motin Vladimir L
Department for Anthroponosis and Zoonotic Diseases, Saratov Scientific and Research Veterinary Institute of the Federal Agency for Scientific Organizations, Saratov, 410028, Russia.
Department of Vaccine Control, Scientific Center for Expertise of Medical Application Products, Moscow, 121002, Russia.
Methods Mol Biol. 2016;1403:487-98. doi: 10.1007/978-1-4939-3387-7_27.
Since its creation in the early twentieth century, live plague vaccine EV has been successfully applied to millions of people without severe complications. This vaccine has been proven to elicit protection against both bubonic and pneumonic plague, and it is still in use in populations at risk mainly in the countries of the former Soviet Union. Despite extensive efforts in developing subunit vaccines, there is a reviving interest in creation of a precisely attenuated strain of Yersinia pestis superior to the EV that can serve as a live plague vaccine with improved characteristics. Here we summarize decades of experience of the Russian anti-plague research in developing a standard protocol for early-stage evaluation of safety and immunogenicity of live plague vaccines. This protocol allows step-by-step comparison of the novel test candidates with the EV vaccine by using subcutaneous immunization and bubonic plague infection models in two animal species, e.g., guinea pigs and mice.
自20世纪初问世以来，鼠疫活菌疫苗EV已成功应用于数百万人，且无严重并发症。该疫苗已被证明可引发针对腺鼠疫和肺鼠疫的保护作用，目前仍在前苏联国家主要用于高危人群。尽管在开发亚单位疫苗方面付出了巨大努力，但人们对创建一种比EV更优良的精确减毒鼠疫耶尔森菌菌株的兴趣正在复苏，该菌株可作为具有改进特性的鼠疫活菌疫苗。在此，我们总结了俄罗斯抗鼠疫研究几十年来在制定鼠疫活菌疫苗安全性和免疫原性早期评估标准方案方面的经验。该方案允许通过在两种动物物种（如豚鼠和小鼠）中使用皮下免疫和腺鼠疫感染模型，将新型测试候选疫苗与EV疫苗进行逐步比较。
