Gualano Bruno, Rawson Eric S, Candow Darren G, Chilibeck Philip D
Applied Physiology in Nutrition, Exercise and Genetics Research Group, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil.
Department of Exercise Science, Bloomsburg University, Bloomsburg, USA.
Amino Acids. 2016 Aug;48(8):1793-805. doi: 10.1007/s00726-016-2239-7. Epub 2016 Apr 23.
This narrative review aims to summarize the recent findings on the adjuvant application of creatine supplementation in the management of age-related deficits in skeletal muscle, bone and brain metabolism in older individuals. Most studies suggest that creatine supplementation can improve lean mass and muscle function in older populations. Importantly, creatine in conjunction with resistance training can result in greater adaptations in skeletal muscle than training alone. The beneficial effect of creatine upon lean mass and muscle function appears to be applicable to older individuals regardless of sex, fitness or health status, although studies with very old (>90 years old) and severely frail individuals remain scarce. Furthermore, there is evidence that creatine may affect the bone remodeling process; however, the effects of creatine on bone accretion are inconsistent. Additional human clinical trials are needed using larger sample sizes, longer durations of resistance training (>52 weeks), and further evaluation of bone mineral, bone geometry and microarchitecture properties. Finally, a number of studies suggest that creatine supplementation improves cognitive processing under resting and various stressed conditions. However, few data are available on older adults, and the findings are discordant. Future studies should focus on older adults and possibly frail elders or those who have already experienced an age-associated cognitive decline.
本叙述性综述旨在总结近期关于补充肌酸在管理老年人骨骼肌、骨骼和脑代谢方面与年龄相关缺陷的辅助应用的研究结果。大多数研究表明，补充肌酸可以改善老年人群的瘦体重和肌肉功能。重要的是，肌酸与抗阻训练相结合比单独训练能使骨骼肌产生更大的适应性变化。肌酸对瘦体重和肌肉功能的有益作用似乎适用于所有老年人，无论其性别、健康状况或身体适应能力如何，不过针对年龄非常大（>90岁）和极度虚弱个体的研究仍然很少。此外，有证据表明肌酸可能会影响骨重塑过程；然而，肌酸对骨质增生的影响并不一致。需要开展更多人体临床试验，采用更大的样本量、更长时间的抗阻训练（>52周），并进一步评估骨矿物质、骨几何形状和微观结构特性。最后，一些研究表明，补充肌酸可改善静息状态和各种应激条件下的认知加工。然而，关于老年人的数据很少，且研究结果不一致。未来的研究应聚焦于老年人，可能还包括体弱的老年人或那些已经出现与年龄相关的认知衰退的人群。
