Wirth Tanja, Kozak Agnessa, Schedlbauer Grita, Nienhaus Albert
Institution for Statutory Accident Insurance and Prevention in the Health and Welfare Services, Department for the Principle of Prevention and Rehabilitation, Pappelallee 33/35/37, 22089 Hamburg, Germany.
University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, Institute for Health Services Research in Dermatology and Nursing, Martinistraße 52, 20246 Hamburg, Germany.
J Occup Med Toxicol. 2016 May 21;11:26. doi: 10.1186/s12995-016-0116-7. eCollection 2016.
Apprentices in human service professions are exposed to emotional and physical stresses in their workplaces. Moreover, they are in the vulnerable phase of becoming an adult. Their lifestyle and health therefore seem to be particularly unstable. This study aims to evaluate and compare the health behaviour, health status and occupational prospects of apprentices in nursing and early childhood education and to identify factors associated with their physical and mental health.
A cross-sectional study based on self-administered questionnaires was carried out at eight vocational schools in Hamburg, Germany. Four hundred two apprentice geriatric nurses, hospital nurses and kindergarten teachers/assistants participated (response rate: 99 %). Apprentices were compared in terms of their physical activity, dietary patterns, cigarette and alcohol consumption, body mass index, self-rated health, previous diseases, job satisfaction and occupational prospects. Factors associated with the participants' musculoskeletal or mental disorders were identified using logistic regression.
Around 33 % of apprentice geriatric nurses and kindergarten teachers/assistants were overweight or obese. Fifty-five percent of geriatric nurses were smokers. Job satisfaction was lowest among hospital nurses. More than one third of the apprentices suffered from musculoskeletal or mental disorders. The ages of 23-26 years and mental disorder were associated with musculoskeletal disorders (OR 3.1, 95 % CI 1.4-6.7; OR 1.8, 95 % CI 1.1-3.1). Being an apprentice in early childhood education was associated with an increased chance of mental disorder (OR 2.9, 95 % CI 1.4-6.0). Additionally, musculoskeletal disorders, self-efficacy and irritation were associated with mental disorder.
Differences between the occupational groups indicate the need for specific work-related health promotion for apprentices at an early stage in their careers. Future projects should focus on the implementation and evaluation of these measures.
人类服务行业的学徒在工作场所会面临情感和身体上的压力。此外，他们正处于成年的脆弱阶段。因此，他们的生活方式和健康状况似乎特别不稳定。本研究旨在评估和比较护理专业与幼儿教育专业学徒的健康行为、健康状况和职业前景，并确定与他们身心健康相关的因素。
在德国汉堡的八所职业学校进行了一项基于自填问卷的横断面研究。402名老年护理学徒、医院护士和幼儿园教师/助理参与了研究（回复率：99%）。对学徒的身体活动、饮食模式、吸烟和饮酒情况、体重指数、自我评估健康状况、既往疾病、工作满意度和职业前景进行了比较。使用逻辑回归确定与参与者肌肉骨骼或精神障碍相关的因素。
约33%的老年护理学徒和幼儿园教师/助理超重或肥胖。55%的老年护理护士吸烟。医院护士的工作满意度最低。超过三分之一的学徒患有肌肉骨骼或精神障碍。23 - 26岁的年龄和精神障碍与肌肉骨骼障碍相关（比值比3.1，95%置信区间1.4 - 6.7；比值比1.8，95%置信区间1.1 - 3.1）。从事幼儿教育工作的学徒患精神障碍的几率增加（比值比2.9，95%置信区间1.4 - 6.0）。此外，肌肉骨骼障碍、自我效能感和易怒与精神障碍相关。
职业群体之间的差异表明，有必要在学徒职业生涯早期针对与工作相关的健康促进采取具体措施。未来的项目应侧重于这些措施的实施和评估。
