Fawcett Jonathan M, Ozubko Jason D
MRC Cognition and Brain Sciences Unit.
Rotman Research Institute.
Can J Exp Psychol. 2016 Jun;70(2):99-115. doi: 10.1037/cep0000089.
Five experiments explored the basis of the between-subjects production effect in recognition memory as represented by differences in the recollection and familiarity of produced (read aloud) and nonproduced (read silently) words. Using remember-know judgments (Experiment 1b) and a dual-process signal-detection approach applied to confidence ratings (Experiments 2b and 3), we observed that production influences familiarity but not recollection when manipulated between-subjects. This is in contrast to within-subject designs, which reveal a clear effect of production on both recollection and familiarity (Experiments 1a and 2a). Our findings resolve contention concerning apparent design effects: Whereas the within-subject production effect is subserved by separable recollective- and familiarity-based components, the between-subjects production effect is subserved by the familiarity-based component alone. Our findings support a role for the relative distinctiveness of production as a means of guiding recognition judgments (at least when manipulated within-subjects), but we also propose that production influences the strength of produced items, explaining the persistence of the effect in between-subjects designs. (PsycINFO Database Record
五项实验探究了识别记忆中被试间产生效应的基础，该效应表现为出声读出的（产生的）单词和默读的（未产生的）单词在回忆和熟悉度上的差异。通过使用记得-知道判断（实验1b）以及应用于信心评级的双加工信号检测方法（实验2b和3），我们观察到，当在被试间进行操纵时，产生会影响熟悉度，但不会影响回忆。这与被试内设计形成对比，在被试内设计中，产生对回忆和熟悉度都有明显影响（实验1a和2a）。我们的研究结果解决了有关明显设计效应的争论：虽然被试内产生效应由基于回忆和熟悉度的可分离成分所支持，但被试间产生效应仅由基于熟悉度的成分所支持。我们的研究结果支持产生的相对独特性在引导识别判断中所起的作用（至少在被试内进行操纵时），但我们也提出，产生会影响所产生项目的强度，这解释了该效应在被试间设计中的持续性。（《心理学文摘数据库记录》）
