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问答：究竟什么是外泌体？

Q&A: What are exosomes, exactly?

作者信息

Edgar James R

机构信息

Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, University of Cambridge, Hills Road, Cambridge, CB2 0XY, UK.

出版信息

BMC Biol. 2016 Jun 13;14:46. doi: 10.1186/s12915-016-0268-z.

DOI:10.1186/s12915-016-0268-z
PMID:27296830
原文链接:https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4906597/
Abstract

Exosomes are extracellular vesicles first described as such 30 years ago and since implicated in cell-cell communication and the transmission of disease states, and explored as a means of drug discovery. Yet fundamental questions about their biology remain unanswered. Here I explore what exosomes are, highlight the difficulties in studying them and explain the current definition and some of the outstanding issues in exosome biology.

摘要

外泌体是30年前首次被如此描述的细胞外囊泡，自那时起便被认为与细胞间通讯和疾病状态的传播有关，并被作为一种药物发现的手段进行探索。然而，关于它们生物学的一些基本问题仍未得到解答。在此，我将探讨外泌体是什么，强调研究它们的困难，并解释外泌体生物学的当前定义以及一些突出问题。

https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/fe5b/4906597/8bccfe7d194e/12915_2016_268_Fig3_HTML.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/fe5b/4906597/e00b8d42d076/12915_2016_268_Fig1_HTML.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/fe5b/4906597/9b15e4af4e60/12915_2016_268_Fig2_HTML.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/fe5b/4906597/8bccfe7d194e/12915_2016_268_Fig3_HTML.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/fe5b/4906597/e00b8d42d076/12915_2016_268_Fig1_HTML.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/fe5b/4906597/9b15e4af4e60/12915_2016_268_Fig2_HTML.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/fe5b/4906597/8bccfe7d194e/12915_2016_268_Fig3_HTML.jpg

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Q&A: What are exosomes, exactly?问答：究竟什么是外泌体？
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本文引用的文献

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Nanomedicine. 2016 Apr;12(3):655-664. doi: 10.1016/j.nano.2015.10.012. Epub 2015 Nov 14.
3
Exosomes released by keratinocytes modulate melanocyte pigmentation.角质形成细胞释放的外泌体可调节黑素细胞的色素沉着。
Front Mol Biosci. 2025 May 9;12:1583992. doi: 10.3389/fmolb.2025.1583992. eCollection 2025.
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Mesenchymal stem cell exosomes therapy for the treatment of traumatic brain injury: mechanism, progress, challenges and prospects.间充质干细胞外泌体疗法治疗创伤性脑损伤：机制、进展、挑战与前景
J Transl Med. 2025 Apr 11;23(1):427. doi: 10.1186/s12967-025-06445-y.
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Sci Rep. 2025 Mar 29;15(1):10899. doi: 10.1038/s41598-025-95503-y.
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