Martinez Homero, Guelinckx Isabelle, Salas-Salvadó Jordi, Gandy Joan, Kavouras Stavros A, Moreno Luis A
Micronutrient Forum, Micronutrient Initiative, Ottawa, Ont., Canada.
Ann Nutr Metab. 2016;68 Suppl 2:12-8. doi: 10.1159/000446199. Epub 2016 Jun 16.
To assess the intake of water and all other beverages in children, adolescents and adults.
Three thousand six hundred eleven children (8 ± 2 years), 8,109 adolescents (13 ± 2 years) and 16,276 adults (40 ± 14 years) (47% men) were recruited in 15 cross-sectional surveys (liquid intake across 7 days, Liq.In7 study) and completed a 7-day fluid-specific record to assess total fluid intake (TFI), where TFI was defined as the sum of drinking water and other type of beverages.
The median TFI was 1.2, 1.2 and 1.8 liters/day in children, adolescents and adults respectively, with important differences observed between countries. Only 39% of children, 25% of adolescents and 51% of adults met the European Food Safety Authority adequate intake (AI) recommendations of water from fluids. In the surveys of Spain, France, Belgium, Germany, Turkey, Iran, Indonesia and China, water was the major contributor (47-78%) to TFI. In the adult surveys of UK, Poland, Japan and Argentina, hot beverages were the highest contributor to TFI. The fluid intake of children and adolescents in Mexico, Brazil, Argentina and Uruguay was characterized by a contribution of juices and sweet beverages that was as important as the contribution of water to TFI.
Given that a relatively high proportion of subjects, especially children and adolescents, failed to meet the recommended AI of water from fluids and that water intake was not the highest contributor to TFI in all countries, undertaking actions to increase water intake are warranted.
评估儿童、青少年及成年人的水和其他所有饮品的摄入量。
在15项横断面调查（7天液体摄入量，Liq.In7研究）中招募了3611名儿童（8±2岁）、8109名青少年（13±2岁）和16276名成年人（40±14岁）（47%为男性），并让他们填写一份为期7天的特定液体记录，以评估总液体摄入量（TFI），其中TFI定义为饮用水和其他类型饮品的总和。
儿童、青少年和成年人的TFI中位数分别为每天1.2升、1.2升和1.8升，不同国家之间存在显著差异。只有39%的儿童、25%的青少年和51%的成年人达到了欧洲食品安全局关于从液体中摄入水的充足摄入量（AI）建议。在西班牙、法国、比利时、德国、土耳其、伊朗、印度尼西亚和中国的调查中，水是TFI的主要贡献者（47%-78%）。在英国、波兰、日本和阿根廷的成年人调查中，热饮是TFI的最大贡献者。墨西哥、巴西、阿根廷和乌拉圭的儿童和青少年的液体摄入量特点是果汁和甜味饮品的贡献与水对TFI的贡献相当。
鉴于相当大比例的受试者，尤其是儿童和青少年，未能达到从液体中摄入水的推荐AI，而且并非所有国家水的摄入量都是TFI的最大贡献者，因此有必要采取行动增加水的摄入量。
