Wong Vincent Chi, Wyer Robert S
Department of Marketing, The Chinese University of Hong Kong.
J Pers Soc Psychol. 2016 Jul;111(1):17-33. doi: 10.1037/pspa0000048.
Individuals' psychological distance from the stimuli they encounter in daily life can influence the abstractness or generality of the mental representations they form of these stimuli. However, these representations can also depend on the perspective from which the stimuli are construed. When individuals have either an individualistic social orientation or a short-term temporal orientation, they construe psychologically distal events more globally than they construe proximal ones, as implied by construal level theory (Trope & Liberman, 2010). When they have either a collectivistic social orientation or a long-term temporal orientation, however, they not only construe the implications of distal events more concretely than individuals with an egocentric perspective but also construe the implications of proximal events in more abstract terms. These effects are mediated by the flexibility of the perspectives that people take when they make judgments. Differences in perspective flexibility account for the impact of both situationally induced differences in social and temporal orientation and more chronic cultural differences in these orientations. (PsycINFO Database Record
个体与日常生活中所遇到刺激之间的心理距离，会影响他们对这些刺激形成的心理表征的抽象程度或普遍性。然而，这些表征也可能取决于对刺激的理解视角。当个体具有个人主义社会取向或短期时间取向时，正如解释水平理论（特罗普和利伯曼，2010）所暗示的那样，他们从更宏观的角度来理解心理上遥远的事件，而对近期事件的理解则相对较具体。然而，当他们具有集体主义社会取向或长期时间取向时，他们不仅比以自我为中心的个体更具体地理解遥远事件的含义，而且会以更抽象的方式理解近期事件的含义。这些影响是由人们在做出判断时所采用视角的灵活性所介导的。视角灵活性的差异解释了情境诱导的社会和时间取向差异以及这些取向上更长期的文化差异所产生的影响。（《心理学文摘数据库记录》 ）
