伊朗儿童和青少年的精神疾病
Psychiatric Disorders in Iranian Children and Adolescents.
作者信息
Mohammadi Mohammad Reza, Ahmadi Nastaran, Salmanian Maryam, Asadian-Koohestani Fatemeh, Ghanizadeh Ahmad, Alavi Ali, Malek Ayyoub, Dastgiri Saeed, Moharreri Fatemeh, Hebrani Paria, Arman Soroor, Khoshhal Dastjerdi Javad, Motavallian Ali
机构信息
Psychiatry and Psychology Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Psychiatry and Psychology Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.; Yazd Cardiovascular Research Center, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran.
出版信息
Iran J Psychiatry. 2016 Apr;11(2):87-98.
OBJECTIVE
The aim of the present study was to investigate the epidemiology of psychiatric disorders in children and adolescents in five provinces of Iran: Tehran, Shiraz, Isfahan, Tabriz and Mashhad.
METHOD
In the present study, we selected 9,636 children and adolescents aged 6-18 years through multistage cluster random sampling method from Tehran, Shiraz, Isfahan, Tabriz and Mashhad. We instructed the clinical psychologists to complete the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) for the participants, andthose who received a high score on SDQ, completed the Persian version of Kiddie-SADS-Present and Lifetime Version (K-SADS-PL). We used descriptive analysis and 95% confidence interval to investigate the relationship between scores of the K-SADS questionnaire and demographic factors. We used one-way ANOVA to test the significant differences among the disorders according to sex, age and province of residence.
RESULTS
Based on the results, oppositional defiant disorder (ODD) (4.45%) had the highest prevalence of psychiatric disorders in the five provinces and substance abuse and alcohol abuse (0%) had the lowest prevalence. In addition, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) had the most prevalence in boys (5.03%) and ODD had the most prevalence in girls (4.05%). Among the three age groups, 6 to 9 year olds had the highest rates of ADHD (5.69%); 10 to 14 and 15 to 18 year olds had the highest rates of ODD (4.32% and 4.37% respectively). Among the five provinces, Tehran and Mashhad allocated the highest rates of ODD; Isfahan and Shiraz had the highest rates of ADHD; and Tabriz had the highest rates of social phobia.
CONCLUSION
The current study revealed that the overall frequency of psychiatric disorders based on Kiddie-SADS-Present and Lifetime Version (K-SADS-PL) was higher than a similar study. Moreover, in this study, among the five provinces, Tehran and Mashhad allocated the highest rates of ODD; Isfahan and Shiraz had the highest rates of ADHD; and Tabriz had the highest rates of social phobia. Therefore, these percentage of psychiatric disorders in Iran lead us toward a greater use of consultation and mental health services.
目的
本研究旨在调查伊朗五个省份（德黑兰、设拉子、伊斯法罕、大不里士和马什哈德）儿童和青少年精神障碍的流行病学情况。
方法
在本研究中，我们通过多阶段整群随机抽样方法，从德黑兰、设拉子、伊斯法罕、大不里士和马什哈德选取了9636名6至18岁的儿童和青少年。我们指示临床心理学家为参与者填写优势与困难问卷（SDQ），而那些在SDQ上得分较高的人则填写波斯语版的儿童情感障碍和精神分裂症问卷（目前和终生版）（K-SADS-PL）。我们使用描述性分析和95%置信区间来研究K-SADS问卷得分与人口统计学因素之间的关系。我们使用单因素方差分析来检验不同性别、年龄和居住省份的精神障碍之间的显著差异。
结果
根据结果，对立违抗障碍（ODD）（4.45%）在五个省份中精神障碍的患病率最高，而药物滥用和酒精滥用（0%）的患病率最低。此外，注意缺陷多动障碍（ADHD）在男孩中患病率最高（5.03%），ODD在女孩中患病率最高（4.05%）。在三个年龄组中，6至9岁儿童的ADHD患病率最高（5.69%）；10至14岁和15至18岁青少年的ODD患病率最高（分别为4.32%和4.37%）。在五个省份中，德黑兰和马什哈德的ODD患病率最高；伊斯法罕和设拉子的ADHD患病率最高；大不里士的社交恐惧症患病率最高。
结论
当前研究表明，基于儿童情感障碍和精神分裂症问卷（目前和终生版）（K-SADS-PL）的精神障碍总体发生率高于类似研究。此外，在本研究中，在五个省份中，德黑兰和马什哈德的ODD患病率最高；伊斯法罕和设拉子的ADHD患病率最高；大不里士的社交恐惧症患病率最高。因此，伊朗这些精神障碍的比例促使我们更多地使用咨询和心理健康服务。
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