Parsons M B, Cash V B, Reid D H
Western Carolina Center, Morganton, North Carolina 28655.
J Appl Behav Anal. 1989 Summer;22(2):143-56. doi: 10.1901/jaba.1989.22-143.
Ensuring effective service delivery by direct-care personnel in institutional living units for persons with developmental disabilities historically has been a difficult process, despite considerable attention from researchers, service providers, and governmental regulatory agencies. In this investigation, we conducted a normative evaluation of the extent and quality of treatment services currently provided in residential living units and evaluated a comprehensive management system designed to improve such services. Results of the first experiment, encompassing 22 living units in three states, indicated that on the average two thirds of observed resident behavior did not involve any therapeutic activity. The results also provided social validity for the criteria used to evaluate the quality of treatment provision based on opinions of mental retardation professionals. Results of the second experiment indicated that a behavioral management program implemented during 23 separate time periods across five living units was accompanied by consistent and durable decreases in resident nontherapeutic activity as well as increases in specifically designated habilitative activity. The results provide support for the successful incorporation of behavioral management technology into human service settings on a large-scale, long-term basis.
尽管研究人员、服务提供者和政府监管机构给予了相当多的关注，但历史上，要确保为发育障碍患者提供直接护理的人员在机构生活单元中有效提供服务一直是个难题。在这项调查中，我们对目前在居住生活单元中提供的治疗服务的范围和质量进行了规范性评估，并评估了一个旨在改善此类服务的综合管理系统。第一个实验涵盖了三个州的22个生活单元，结果表明，平均而言，观察到的居民行为中有三分之二不涉及任何治疗活动。这些结果还为基于智力障碍专业人员意见的治疗服务质量评估标准提供了社会效度。第二个实验的结果表明，在五个生活单元的23个不同时间段实施的行为管理计划，伴随着居民非治疗性活动的持续和持久减少以及特定指定的 habilitative 活动的增加。这些结果为在大规模、长期基础上将行为管理技术成功纳入人类服务环境提供了支持。
