Department of Pathological Sciences, State University of Londrina, P.O. Box 10.011, 86057-970 Londrina, Paraná, Brazil.
Department of Food Science and Technology, State University of Londrina, P.O. Box 10.011, 86057-970 Londrina, Paraná, Brazil.
Toxins (Basel). 2016 Aug 31;8(9):246. doi: 10.3390/toxins8090246.
Aflatoxin M₁ (AFM₁) is an important biomarker that can be used to evaluate aflatoxin exposure in both humans and animals. The aim of this study was to evaluate the exposure degree of infants to AFM₁ through consumption of breast milk and infant powdered milk in Brazil. For this purpose, the estimated daily intake (EDI) for infants was calculated based on the AFM₁ levels analyzed in 94 breast milk (BM) samples collected in Southern Brazil, and 16 infant powdered milk (IPM) samples commonly commercialized in Brazil. AFM₁ was detected in 5.3% (n = 5) and 43.8% (n = 7) of BM and IPM samples, with mean levels of 0.003 ng/g and 0.011 ng/g, respectively. All the IPM samples showed AFM₁ levels lower than those established by the Brazilian guidelines (5 ng/g), and in most of the samples (81.25%) levels were below the maximum limit tolerated by the European Commission (0.025 ng/g). The EDI of AFM₁ for infants aged zero to 12 months old showed values from 0.018 to 0.069 ng/kg body weight/day for BM, and 0.078 to 0.306 ng/kg body weight/day for IPM. Hazard index (HI) values for BM and IPM were less than one, except for IPM intended for infants up to one month. In conclusion, the exposure of infants to AFM₁ was low, but continuous monitoring of mycotoxin levels is essential to minimize infant health risk.
黄曲霉毒素 M₁（AFM₁）是一种重要的生物标志物，可用于评估人类和动物的黄曲霉毒素暴露水平。本研究旨在评估巴西婴儿通过食用母乳和婴儿配方奶粉摄入 AFM₁的程度。为此，根据在巴西南部采集的 94 份母乳（BM）样本和巴西常见的 16 种婴儿配方奶粉（IPM）样本中分析的 AFM₁水平，计算了婴儿的估计每日摄入量（EDI）。在 BM 和 IPM 样本中分别有 5.3%（n=5）和 43.8%（n=7）检测到 AFM₁，其平均水平分别为 0.003ng/g 和 0.011ng/g。所有 IPM 样本的 AFM₁ 水平均低于巴西指南规定的 5ng/g，且在大多数样本（81.25%）中，其水平低于欧盟委员会规定的最大耐受量（0.025ng/g）。0-12 月龄婴儿的 AFM₁ EDI 显示，母乳的摄入量为 0.018-0.069ng/kg 体重/天，婴儿配方奶粉的摄入量为 0.078-0.306ng/kg 体重/天。母乳和婴儿配方奶粉的危害指数（HI）值均小于 1，但对于 1 个月以下的婴儿配方奶粉除外。总之，婴儿接触 AFM₁ 的程度较低，但持续监测真菌毒素水平对于降低婴儿健康风险至关重要。
