Crewther B T, Carruthers J, Kilduff L P, Sanctuary C E, Cook C J
Institute of Sport - National Research Institute, Warsaw, Poland; Hamlyn Centre, Imperial College, London, UK.
Al-Attar Physical Medicine, Rehabilitation and Sports Medicine Center, Doha, Qatar.
Biol Sport. 2016 Sep;33(3):215-21. doi: 10.5604/20831862.1201810. Epub 2016 May 1.
To advance our understanding of the hormonal contribution to athletic performance, we examined the temporal associations between individual changes in testosterone (T) and/or cortisol (C) concentrations, training motivation and physical performance in elite and non-elite trained men. Two male cohorts classified as elites (n = 12) and non-elites (n = 12) completed five testing sessions over a six-week period. The athletes were tested for salivary T, C, T/C ratio, self-perceived training motivation, countermovement jump (CMJ) height and isometric mid-thigh pull peak force (IMTP PF), after which an actual training workout was performed. The elite men reported higher motivation to train and they produced greater CMJ height overall, whereas the non-elites had higher pooled T levels (p < 0.05). No significant group differences in C concentrations, T/C ratio or IMTP PF were found. The individual changes in T levels were positively associated with training motivation in the elite men only (p = 0.033), but the hormonal and motivation measures did not predict CMJ height or IMTP PF in either group. The monitoring of elite and non-elite men across a short training block revealed differences in T levels, motivation and lower-body power, which may reflect training and competitive factors in each group. Despite having lower T levels, the elite athletes showed better linkage between pre-training T fluctuations and subsequent motivation to train. The nature of the performance tests (i.e. single repetition trials) could partly explain the lack of an association with the hormonal and motivational measures.
为了加深我们对激素对运动表现影响的理解，我们研究了精英和非精英训练男性个体睾酮（T）和/或皮质醇（C）浓度变化、训练动机与身体表现之间的时间关联。两个男性队列分为精英组（n = 12）和非精英组（n = 12），在六周内完成了五次测试。对运动员进行唾液T、C、T/C比值、自我感知的训练动机、反向纵跳（CMJ）高度和等长大腿中部拉力峰值力（IMTP PF）测试，之后进行实际训练。精英男性报告的训练动机更高，总体上他们的CMJ高度也更高，而非精英组的T水平总体较高（p < 0.05）。在C浓度、T/C比值或IMTP PF方面未发现显著的组间差异。仅在精英男性中，T水平的个体变化与训练动机呈正相关（p = 0.033），但在两组中，激素和动机指标均未预测CMJ高度或IMTP PF。对精英和非精英男性在短训练周期内的监测显示，T水平、动机和下肢力量存在差异，这可能反映了每组的训练和竞争因素。尽管精英运动员的T水平较低，但他们在训练前T波动与随后的训练动机之间表现出更好的关联。性能测试的性质（即单次重复试验）可能部分解释了与激素和动机指标缺乏关联的原因。
