Semrud-Clikeman Margaret, Romero Regilda Anne A, Prado Elizabeth L, Shapiro Elsa G, Bangirana Paul, John Chandy C
Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN.
Licensed Psychologist, Keystone Behavioral Pediatrics.
Child Neuropsychol. 2017 Oct;23(7):761-802. doi: 10.1080/09297049.2016.1216536. Epub 2016 Sep 9.
Diseases affecting millions of children in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), such as malnutrition, micronutrient deficiency, malaria, and HIV, can lead to adverse neurodevelopmental outcomes. Thus, a key health outcome in children is neurodevelopmental status. In this paper, the neurodevelopmental screening and testing measures most commonly utilized in LMICs are reviewed, and a matrix is presented to help researchers and clinicians determine which measures may be most useful for various LMIC inquiries. The matrix is based on an Internet literature review of 114 publications for the period January 1998 to February 2016, reporting the psychometric properties of instruments tested in LMIC children. The measures are classified as screening tests or more detailed tests that include both comprehensive batteries of general development and tests of specific domains. For completeness, two experts have reviewed this paper, as well as the authors. An overview of the tests used to date is presented, including the benefits and drawbacks of each test, in order to provide researchers and developmental clinicians with a way to decide which tests may be best suited to their developmental assessment goals. Remarkable progress has been made in neurodevelopmental testing in children in LMICs over the past two decades but there remains a need for additional research in this area to develop new tests, better evaluate and adapt current tests, and assess test validity and reliability across cultures.
在低收入和中等收入国家（LMICs），影响数百万儿童的疾病，如营养不良、微量营养素缺乏、疟疾和艾滋病毒，可导致不良的神经发育结果。因此，儿童的一项关键健康成果是神经发育状况。本文回顾了低收入和中等收入国家最常用的神经发育筛查和测试措施，并给出了一个矩阵，以帮助研究人员和临床医生确定哪些措施可能对低收入和中等收入国家的各种研究最为有用。该矩阵基于对1998年1月至2016年2月期间114份出版物的互联网文献综述，报告了在低收入和中等收入国家儿童中测试的工具的心理测量特性。这些措施分为筛查测试或更详细的测试，后者包括全面的一般发育测试组和特定领域的测试。为确保完整性，两位专家以及作者对本文进行了审阅。本文介绍了迄今为止使用的测试的概述，包括每项测试的优缺点，以便为研究人员和发育临床医生提供一种方法，来决定哪些测试可能最适合他们的发育评估目标。在过去二十年中，低收入和中等收入国家儿童的神经发育测试取得了显著进展，但该领域仍需要更多研究，以开发新的测试、更好地评估和调整现有测试，并评估跨文化的测试有效性和可靠性。
