Quiroz-Castañeda Rosa Estela, Amaro-Estrada Itzel, Rodríguez-Camarillo Sergio Darío
Unidad de Anaplasmosis, Centro Nacional en Investigación Disciplinaria en Parasitología Veterinaria, INIFAP, Carretera Federal Cuernavaca-Cuautla 8534, 62574 Jiutepec, MOR, Mexico.
Biomed Res Int. 2016;2016:9032085. doi: 10.1155/2016/9032085. Epub 2016 Aug 17.
In order to understand the genetic diversity of A. marginale, several efforts have been made around the world. This rickettsia affects a significant number of ruminants, causing bovine anaplasmosis, so the interest in its virulence and how it is transmitted have drawn interest not only from a molecular point of view but also, recently, some genomics research have been performed to elucidate genes and proteins with potential as antigens. Unfortunately, so far, we still do not have a recombinant anaplasmosis vaccine. In this review, we present a landscape of the multiple approaches carried out from the genomic perspective to generate valuable information that could be used in a holistic way to finally develop an anaplasmosis vaccine. These approaches include the analysis of the genetic diversity of A. marginale and how this affects control measures for the disease. Anaplasmosis vaccine development is also reviewed from the conventional vaccinomics to genome-base vaccinology approach based on proteomics, metabolomics, and transcriptomics analyses reported. The use of these new omics approaches will undoubtedly reveal new targets of interest in the near future, comprising information of potential antigens and the immunogenic effect of A. marginale proteins.
为了了解边缘无形体的遗传多样性，世界各地已经开展了多项工作。这种立克次氏体感染大量反刍动物，引发牛无浆体病，因此其毒力以及传播方式不仅从分子角度引发了人们的兴趣，最近，一些基因组学研究也已开展，以阐明具有抗原潜力的基因和蛋白质。不幸的是，到目前为止，我们仍然没有重组无浆体病疫苗。在这篇综述中，我们展示了从基因组学角度开展的多种方法的概况，以生成有价值的信息，这些信息可被全面利用，最终开发出无浆体病疫苗。这些方法包括分析边缘无形体的遗传多样性以及这如何影响疾病的控制措施。还基于所报道的蛋白质组学、代谢组学和转录组学分析，从传统疫苗组学到基于基因组的疫苗学方法对无浆体病疫苗的开发进行了综述。这些新的组学方法的应用无疑将在不久的将来揭示新的感兴趣的靶点，包括潜在抗原的信息以及边缘无形体蛋白质的免疫原性效应。
