Omech Bernard, Tshikuka Jose-Gaby, Mwita Julius C, Tsima Billy, Nkomazana Oathokwa, Amone-P'Olak Kennedy
Department of Internal Medicine.
Department of Family Medicine and Public Health.
Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes. 2016 Aug 30;9:273-9. doi: 10.2147/DMSO.S109007. eCollection 2016.
Low- and middle-income countries, including Botswana, are facing rising prevalence of obesity and obesity-related cardiometabolic complications. Very little information is known about clustering of cardiovascular risk factors in the outpatient setting during routine visits. We aimed to assess the prevalence and identify the determinants of metabolic syndrome among the general outpatients' attendances in Botswana.
A cross-sectional study was conducted from August to October 2014 involving outpatients aged ≥20 years without diagnosis of diabetes mellitus. A precoded questionnaire was used to collect data on participants' sociodemographics, risk factors, and anthropometric indices. Fasting blood samples were drawn and analyzed for glucose and lipid profile. Metabolic syndrome was assessed using National Cholesterol Education Program-Adult Treatment Panel III criteria.
In total, 291 participants were analyzed, of whom 216 (74.2%) were females. The mean age of the total population was 50.1 (±11) years. The overall prevalence of metabolic syndrome was 27.1% (n=79), with no significant difference between the sexes (female =29.6%, males =20%, P=0.11). A triad of central obesity, low high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol, and elevated blood pressure constituted the largest proportion (38 [13.1%]) of cases of metabolic syndrome, followed by a combination of low high-density lipoprotein, elevated triglycerides, central obesity, and elevated blood pressure, with 17 (5.8%) cases. Independent determinants of metabolic syndrome were antihypertensive use and increased waist circumference.
Metabolic syndrome is highly prevalent in the general medical outpatients clinics. Proactive approaches are needed to screen and manage cases targeting its most important predictors.
包括博茨瓦纳在内的低收入和中等收入国家，肥胖及肥胖相关的心血管代谢并发症患病率正在上升。关于门诊患者在常规就诊期间心血管危险因素聚集情况的信息知之甚少。我们旨在评估博茨瓦纳普通门诊患者中代谢综合征的患病率，并确定其决定因素。
2014年8月至10月进行了一项横断面研究，纳入年龄≥20岁且未诊断为糖尿病的门诊患者。使用预先编码的问卷收集参与者的社会人口统计学、危险因素和人体测量指标数据。采集空腹血样并分析血糖和血脂谱。采用美国国家胆固醇教育计划成人治疗小组第三次报告标准评估代谢综合征。
共分析了291名参与者，其中216名（74.2%）为女性。总人口的平均年龄为50.1（±11）岁。代谢综合征的总体患病率为27.1%（n = 79），性别之间无显著差异（女性 = 29.6%，男性 = 20%，P = 0.11）。中心性肥胖、低高密度脂蛋白胆固醇和血压升高这一组构成代谢综合征病例的最大比例（38例[13.1%]），其次是低高密度脂蛋白、甘油三酯升高、中心性肥胖和血压升高的组合，有17例（5.8%）。代谢综合征的独立决定因素是使用抗高血压药物和腰围增加。
代谢综合征在普通内科门诊中非常普遍。需要采取积极措施，针对其最重要的预测因素筛查和管理病例。
