Department of Conservative and Preventive Dentistry, Dental Clinic, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany.
Department of Conservative and Preventive Dentistry, Dental Clinic, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany.
J Dent. 2016 Nov;54:62-67. doi: 10.1016/j.jdent.2016.09.005. Epub 2016 Sep 17.
To investigate in vitro a range of differently characterised toothpastes with respect to their efficacy in an erosion/abrasion setting with special emphasis on the role of the particulate ingredients.
Human enamel samples were erosively demineralised with citric acid (2min, 6×/day; 0.5%, pH 2.5; 10 days) and immersed in slurries (2min, 2×/day) either without or with brushing (15s, load 200g). The toothpastes were eight NaF-toothpastes, three hydroxyapatite-toothpastes (one without and two with NaF), one fluoride-free chitosan-toothpaste and three Sn-toothpastes. Negative control was erosion only, positive control was SnF gel. Tissue loss was quantified profilometrically.
The SnF gel was most effective (reduction of tissue loss of 79%). Most of the products reduced tissue loss significantly when applied as slurries (between 28 and 66%). Brushing increased tissue loss in almost all toothpastes, only 5 formulations (all Sn-toothpastes and 2 NaF-toothpastes) reduced tissue loss significantly when compared to negative control (between 33 and 59%). There was a non-linear association between abrasiveness and amount of particles in a formulation, the particle size had no impact.
Toothpastes had a protecting effect when applied as slurries but to a much lesser degree when applied with brushing. The particulate fraction may be a determinant for toothpaste efficacy in erosion/abrasion settings.
Toothpastes are important carriers of active agents against erosion, but physical impacts through brushing modifies efficacy distinctly. Understanding the role of the particulate fraction in toothpastes may offer perspectives for designing effective formulations for patients with erosive lesions.
研究不同特性的牙膏在侵蚀/磨损环境中的功效，特别强调颗粒成分的作用。
用人牙釉质样本进行柠檬酸侵蚀脱矿（2min，每天 6 次；0.5%，pH 值 2.5；10 天），然后将样本浸泡在含有或不含有刷牙（15s，负载 200g）的糊剂中（2min，每天 2 次）。使用的牙膏有 8 种含氟牙膏、3 种羟基磷灰石牙膏（一种不含氟，两种含氟）、一种不含氟的壳聚糖牙膏和 3 种含锡牙膏。阴性对照为仅侵蚀，阳性对照为 SnF 凝胶。组织损失通过轮廓测量定量。
SnF 凝胶效果最显著（组织损失减少 79%）。当用作糊剂时，大多数产品都能显著减少组织损失（28%至 66%之间）。刷牙几乎会增加所有牙膏的组织损失，只有 5 种配方（所有含锡牙膏和两种含氟牙膏）与阴性对照相比能显著减少组织损失（33%至 59%之间）。配方的研磨性和颗粒数量之间存在非线性关联，颗粒大小没有影响。
牙膏作为糊剂使用时有保护作用，但刷牙时的保护作用要小得多。颗粒部分可能是牙膏在侵蚀/磨损环境中功效的决定因素。
牙膏是对抗侵蚀的有效活性成分载体，但刷牙时的物理冲击会明显改变其功效。了解牙膏中颗粒部分的作用可能为设计针对侵蚀性病变患者的有效配方提供思路。
