基于冲绳的北欧饮食可改善 2 型糖尿病斯堪的纳维亚患者的人体测量学、代谢控制和健康相关生活质量：一项初步试验。
An Okinawan-based Nordic diet improves anthropometry, metabolic control, and health-related quality of life in Scandinavian patients with type 2 diabetes: a pilot trial.
机构信息
Department of Clinical Sciences, Division of Internal Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.
Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden;
出版信息
Food Nutr Res. 2016 Sep 22;60:32594. doi: 10.3402/fnr.v60.32594. eCollection 2016.
BACKGROUND
Our hypothesis was that a modified diet would improve blood glucose control with beneficial impact on weight management and overall health in established diabetes.
OBJECTIVE
This prospective interventional study investigated the clinical effect of an Okinawan-based Nordic diet on anthropometry, metabolic control, and health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in Scandinavian type 2 diabetes patients.
DESIGN
Food was prepared and delivered to 30 type 2 diabetes patients. Clinical information along with data on HRQoL, blood samples, and urine samples were collected during 12 weeks of diet interventions, with follow-up 16 weeks after diet completion.
RESULTS
After 12 weeks of dietary intervention, a reduction in body weight (7%) (p<0.001), body mass index (p<0.001), and waist circumference (7.0 cm) (p<0.001) was seen. Improved levels of proinsulin (p=0.005), insulin (p=0.011), and fasting plasma glucose (p<0.001) were found already after 2 weeks; these improved levels remained after 12 weeks when lowered levels of C-peptide (p=0.015), triglycerides (p=0.009), total cholesterol (p=0.001), and low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (p=0.041) were also observed. Insulin resistance homeostasis model assessment for insulin resistance was lowered throughout the study, with a 20% reduction in hemoglobin A1c levels (p<0.001) at week 12, despite reduced anti-diabetes treatment. Lowered systolic blood pressure (9.6 mmHg) (p<0.001), diastolic blood pressure (2.7 mmHg) (p<0.001), and heart and respiratory rates (p<0.001) were accompanied by decreased cortisol levels (p=0.015) and improvement in HRQoL. At follow-up, increased levels of high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol were found (p=0.003).
CONCLUSION
This interventional study demonstrates a considerable improvement of anthropometric and metabolic parameters and HRQoL in Scandinavian type 2 diabetes patients when introducing a modified Okinawan-based Nordic diet, independently of exercise or other interventions. Through these dietary changes, anti-diabetes treatment could be decreased or cancelled.
背景
我们的假设是，改良饮食可以改善血糖控制，有益于体重管理和整体健康，适用于已确诊的糖尿病患者。
目的
本前瞻性干预研究旨在探讨基于冲绳的北欧饮食对斯堪的纳维亚 2 型糖尿病患者的人体测量学、代谢控制和健康相关生活质量（HRQoL）的临床影响。
设计
为 30 名 2 型糖尿病患者准备和提供食物。在饮食干预的 12 周内收集临床信息以及 HRQoL、血液样本和尿液样本数据，并在饮食完成后 16 周进行随访。
结果
经过 12 周的饮食干预，体重（7%）（p<0.001）、体重指数（p<0.001）和腰围（7.0 厘米）（p<0.001）均有所下降。在 2 周时就发现了胰岛素原（p=0.005）、胰岛素（p=0.011）和空腹血糖（p<0.001）水平的改善，在 12 周时这些改善的水平仍然存在，同时观察到 C 肽（p=0.015）、甘油三酯（p=0.009）、总胆固醇（p=0.001）和低密度脂蛋白胆固醇（p=0.041）水平的降低。整个研究过程中，胰岛素抵抗稳态模型评估的胰岛素抵抗都有所降低，12 周时血红蛋白 A1c 水平降低了 20%（p<0.001），尽管抗糖尿病治疗有所减少。同时还观察到收缩压（9.6mmHg）（p<0.001）、舒张压（2.7mmHg）（p<0.001）和心率及呼吸率（p<0.001）的降低，以及皮质醇水平的降低（p=0.015）和 HRQoL 的改善。随访时发现高密度脂蛋白胆固醇水平升高（p=0.003）。
结论
本项干预研究表明，在斯堪的纳维亚 2 型糖尿病患者中引入改良的基于冲绳的北欧饮食可显著改善人体测量学和代谢参数以及 HRQoL，且无需运动或其他干预措施。通过这些饮食改变，可以减少或取消抗糖尿病治疗。
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