Ernesto Magallón-Neri, Teresa Kirchner-Nebot, Maria Forns-Santacana, Institute of Research in Brain, Cognition and Behavior (IR3c), 08036 Barcelona, Spain.
World J Psychiatry. 2016 Sep 22;6(3):303-10. doi: 10.5498/wjp.v6.i3.303.
To analyze the viability of Ecological Momentary Assessment (EMA) for measuring the mental states associated with psychopathological problems in adolescents.
In a sample of 110 adolescents, a sociodemographic data survey and an EMA Smartphone application over a one-week period (five times each day), was developed to explore symptom profiles, everyday problems, coping strategies, and the contexts in which the events take place.
The positive response was 68.6%. Over 2250 prompts about mental states were recorded. In 53% of situations the smartphone was answered at home, 25.5% of cases they were with their parents or with peers (20.3%). Associations were found with attention, affective and anxiety problems (P < 0.001) in the participants who took longer to respond to the EMA app. Anxious and depressive states were highly interrelated (rho = 0.51, P < 0.001), as well as oppositional defiant problems and conduct problems (rho = 0.56, P < 0.001). Only in 6.2% of the situations the subjects perceived they had problems, mainly associated with inter-relational aspects with family, peers, boyfriends or girlfriends (31.2%). We also found moderate-high reliability on scales of satisfaction level on the context, on positive emotionality, and on the discomfort index associated with mental health problems.
EMA methodology using smartphones is a useful tool for understanding adolescents' daily dynamics. It achieved moderate-high reliability and accurately identified psychopathological manifestations experienced by community adolescents in their natural context.
分析生态瞬时评估（EMA）在测量与青少年心理病理问题相关的心理状态的可行性。
在 110 名青少年样本中，开发了一种社会人口统计学数据调查和为期一周（每天五次）的 EMA 智能手机应用程序，以探索症状谱、日常问题、应对策略以及事件发生的背景。
积极回应率为 68.6%。记录了超过 2250 次关于心理状态的提示。在 53%的情况下，智能手机是在家庭中回答的，25.5%的情况下是与父母或同龄人（20.3%）在一起。在对 EMA 应用程序响应时间较长的参与者中，发现与注意力、情感和焦虑问题（P < 0.001）有关。焦虑和抑郁状态高度相关（rho = 0.51，P < 0.001），对立违抗性问题和行为问题也是如此（rho = 0.56，P < 0.001）。只有在 6.2%的情况下，受试者认为他们有问题，主要与与家人、同龄人、男朋友或女朋友的关系方面有关（31.2%）。我们还发现，在与心理健康问题相关的背景、积极情感和不适指数的满意度水平量表上具有中高度可靠性。
使用智能手机的 EMA 方法是理解青少年日常动态的有用工具。它具有中高度可靠性，并准确识别了社区青少年在其自然环境中经历的心理病理表现。
