Kirchner Teresa, Magallón-Neri Ernesto, Ortiz Manuel S, Planellas Irina, Forns María, Calderón Caterina
Universitat de Barcelona (Spain).
Universidad de la Frontera (Chile).
Span J Psychol. 2017 Dec 4;20:E71. doi: 10.1017/sjp.2017.70.
This study uses ecological momentary assessment (EMA) with smartphone devices to examine community adolescents' perceptions regarding both the intensity of and variability in their daily sadness/depression, anxiety, and somatic problems over the period of one week. Participants were 90 high-school students (M age = 14.61, SD = 1.64; range 12-18). The sample was divided according to gender (61.1% girls), migratory status (68.5% Spanish nationals and 31.5% Latin American immigrants), and level of psychological symptoms (17% risk group). Sadness/depression, anxiety, and somatic problems were examined using a smartphone app, five times per day, semi-randomly, for seven days (35 possible moments). A high proportion of adolescents did not report feelings of sadness (80.0%) or worry (79.3%) or physical symptoms on a daily basis (84.9%). Girls and the risk group reported greater intensity levels for the three analyzed problems than did boys and the normal group, respectively (p .05 in all cases). Day-to-day fluctuations in mood during the week were statistically significant but not meaningful (b = 0.0004, 95% CI [0.0001, 0.0008], p = .001).
本研究使用智能手机设备进行生态瞬时评估（EMA），以考察社区青少年在一周时间内对日常悲伤/抑郁、焦虑和躯体问题的强度及变异性的认知。参与者为90名高中生（平均年龄=14.61，标准差=1.64；年龄范围12 - 18岁）。样本按性别（61.1%为女生）、移民身份（68.5%为西班牙国民，31.5%为拉丁美洲移民）和心理症状水平（17%为风险组）进行划分。使用一款智能手机应用程序，每天半随机进行5次，持续7天（共35个可能的时间点），对悲伤/抑郁、焦虑和躯体问题进行考察。很大一部分青少年每天都没有报告悲伤情绪（80.0%）、担忧情绪（79.3%）或身体症状（84.9%）。女生和风险组在这三个被分析问题上报告的强度水平分别高于男生和正常组（所有情况p<0.05）。一周内情绪的每日波动具有统计学意义，但无实际意义（b = 0.0004，95%置信区间[0.0001, 0.0008]，p = 0.001）。
