Zheng Shuohan, Zhu Yuan, Zhao Zijun, Wu Zhongdao, Okanurak Kamolnetr, Lv Zhiyue
Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510060, China.
Key Laboratory for Tropical Diseases Control of Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China.
Parasitol Res. 2017 Jan;116(1):11-19. doi: 10.1007/s00436-016-5276-y. Epub 2016 Oct 8.
Parasites are significant groups for carcinogenesis among which liver flukes, including Opisthorchis viverrini and Clonorchis sinensis, are typical representatives causing cholangiocarcinoma (CCA), the second most common primary hepatic malignancy with dismal prognosis. O. viverrini is prevalent in Southeast Asia, infecting 10 million people while C. sinensis has a wider distribution in East Asia and several Southeast Asian countries, affecting more than 35 million people's health. These two worms have some common characteristics and/or discrepancies in life cycle, genome, and transcriptome. As hot spots in recent years, genome and transcriptome research has extracted numerous novel fluke worm-derived proteins, which are excellent for carcinogenic exploration. However, just a handful of these studies have focused on the metabolic pathway. In this study, the main mechanisms of carcinogenesis of both worms, in terms of mechanical damage, metabolic products and immunopathology, and other possible pathways, will be discussed in detail. This review retrospectively describes the main traits of C. sinensis and O. viverrini, their molecular biology and core carcinogenic mechanisms in a contrast pattern.
寄生虫是致癌的重要群体，其中肝吸虫，包括麝猫后睾吸虫和华支睾吸虫，是导致胆管癌（CCA）的典型代表，CCA是第二常见的原发性肝脏恶性肿瘤，预后不佳。麝猫后睾吸虫在东南亚流行，感染人数达1000万，而华支睾吸虫在东亚和几个东南亚国家分布更广，影响着超过3500万人的健康。这两种蠕虫在生命周期、基因组和转录组方面有一些共同特征和/或差异。作为近年来的研究热点，基因组和转录组研究已经提取了大量新的吸虫衍生蛋白，这些蛋白非常适合用于致癌探索。然而，这些研究中只有少数关注代谢途径。在本研究中，将详细讨论这两种蠕虫致癌的主要机制，包括机械损伤、代谢产物和免疫病理学以及其他可能的途径。本综述以对比的方式回顾性描述了华支睾吸虫和麝猫后睾吸虫的主要特征、它们的分子生物学和核心致癌机制。
