Wildes Douglas, Lee Warren, Haider Bruno, Cogan Scott, Sundaresan Krishnakumar, Mills David M, Yetter Christopher, Hart Patrick H, Haun Christopher R, Concepcion Mikael, Kirkhorn Johan, Bitoun Marc
IEEE Trans Ultrason Ferroelectr Freq Control. 2016 Dec;63(12):2159-2173. doi: 10.1109/TUFFC.2016.2615602. Epub 2016 Oct 12.
We developed a 2.5 ×6.6 mm 2 -D array transducer with integrated transmit/receive application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC) for real-time 3-D intracardiac echocardiography (4-D ICE) applications. The ASIC and transducer design were optimized so that the high-voltage transmit, low-voltage time-gain control and preamp, subaperture beamformer, and digital control circuits for each transducer element all fit within the 0.019-mm area of the element. The transducer assembly was deployed in a 10-Fr (3.3-mm diameter) catheter, integrated with a GE Vivid E9 ultrasound imaging system, and evaluated in three preclinical studies. The 2-D image quality and imaging modes were comparable to commercial 2-D ICE catheters. The 4-D field of view was at least 90 ×60 ×8 cm and could be imaged at 30 vol/s, sufficient to visualize cardiac anatomy and other diagnostic and therapy catheters. 4-D ICE should significantly reduce X-ray fluoroscopy use and dose during electrophysiology ablation procedures. 4-D ICE may be able to replace transesophageal echocardiography (TEE), and the associated risks and costs of general anesthesia, for guidance of some structural heart procedures.
我们开发了一种2.5×6.6毫米的二维阵列换能器，其集成了用于实时三维心内超声心动图（四维ICE）应用的发射/接收专用集成电路（ASIC）。对ASIC和换能器设计进行了优化，以使高压发射、低压时间增益控制和前置放大器、子孔径波束形成器以及每个换能器元件的数字控制电路都能适配在元件0.019毫米的区域内。将换能器组件部署在一根10F（直径3.3毫米）的导管中，与通用电气Vivid E9超声成像系统集成，并在三项临床前研究中进行了评估。二维图像质量和成像模式与商用二维ICE导管相当。四维视野至少为90×60×8厘米，并且可以以每秒30帧的速度成像，足以可视化心脏解剖结构以及其他诊断和治疗导管。四维ICE在电生理消融手术期间应能显著减少X射线荧光透视的使用和剂量。对于某些心脏结构手术的引导，四维ICE或许能够替代经食管超声心动图（TEE）以及全身麻醉相关的风险和成本。
