设定大麻影响下驾驶的法律限制。
Establishing legal limits for driving under the influence of marijuana.
作者信息
Wong Kristin, Brady Joanne E, Li Guohua
机构信息
Department of Anesthesiology, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, 622 West 168th Street, New York, 10032, NY, USA.
Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, 722 West 168th Street, New York, 10032, NY, USA.
出版信息
Inj Epidemiol. 2014 Dec;1(1):26. doi: 10.1186/s40621-014-0026-z. Epub 2014 Oct 29.
Abstract
Marijuana has become the most commonly detected non-alcohol substance among drivers in the United States and Europe. Use of marijuana has been shown to impair driving performance and increase crash risk. Due to the lack of standardization in assessing marijuana-induced impairment and limitations of zero tolerance legislation, more jurisdictions are adopting per se laws by specifying a legal limit of Δ-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) at or above which drivers are prosecuted for driving under the influence of marijuana. This review examines major considerations when developing these threshold THC concentrations and specifics of legal THC limits for drivers adopted by different jurisdictions in the United States and other countries.
摘要
大麻已成为美国和欧洲司机中最常被检测出的非酒精类物质。使用大麻已被证明会损害驾驶性能并增加撞车风险。由于评估大麻所致损害缺乏标准化以及零容忍立法存在局限性，越来越多的司法管辖区正在通过规定Δ-四氢大麻酚（THC）的法定限量来采用本身违法法律，达到或超过该限量的司机将因受大麻影响驾驶而被起诉。本综述探讨了制定这些THC阈值浓度时的主要考量因素以及美国和其他国家不同司法管辖区采用的针对司机的法定THC限量详情。
相似文献
1
Establishing legal limits for driving under the influence of marijuana.设定大麻影响下驾驶的法律限制。
Inj Epidemiol. 2014 Dec;1(1):26. doi: 10.1186/s40621-014-0026-z. Epub 2014 Oct 29.
2
Colorado drugged driving prevalence and impaired driving conviction rates: Effects of impaired driving definitions and a 5-nanogram limit for delta-9 tetrahydrocannabinol.科罗拉多州药物驾驶流行率和因驾驶障碍被定罪率：受驾驶障碍定义和 5 纳克大麻二酚限制的影响。
Traffic Inj Prev. 2024;25(3):338-344. doi: 10.1080/15389588.2023.2296865. Epub 2024 Jan 4.
3
The failings of limits to detect cannabis-induced driving impairment: Results from a simulated driving study.未能检测到大麻引起的驾驶障碍：模拟驾驶研究的结果。
Traffic Inj Prev. 2021;22(2):102-107. doi: 10.1080/15389588.2020.1851685. Epub 2021 Feb 5.
4
Crash-involved THC-positive drivers in Norway have a high frequency of polysubstance use.挪威涉及撞车事故且四氢大麻酚检测呈阳性的司机存在多种物质使用的高频率情况。
Drug Alcohol Depend. 2023 Mar 1;244:109800. doi: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2023.109800. Epub 2023 Feb 8.
5
Developing limits for driving under cannabis.制定大麻影响下驾驶的限制规定。
Addiction. 2007 Dec;102(12):1910-7. doi: 10.1111/j.1360-0443.2007.02009.x. Epub 2007 Oct 4.
6
Marijuana use and driving in Washington State: Risk perceptions and behaviors before and after implementation of retail sales.华盛顿州的大麻使用与驾车：零售销售实施前后的风险认知与行为
Traffic Inj Prev. 2019;20(1):23-29. doi: 10.1080/15389588.2018.1530769. Epub 2019 Mar 1.
7
Cannabis use: a perspective in relation to the proposed UK drug-driving legislation.大麻使用：与英国拟议的毒驾立法相关的观点。
Drug Test Anal. 2014 Jan-Feb;6(1-2):143-54. doi: 10.1002/dta.1588. Epub 2013 Dec 11.
8
Cannabis use as a risk factor for causing motor vehicle crashes: a prospective study.大麻使用作为导致机动车事故的风险因素：一项前瞻性研究。
Addiction. 2019 Sep;114(9):1616-1626. doi: 10.1111/add.14663. Epub 2019 Jul 3.
9
Driving Under the Influence of Marijuana Versus Driving and Dying Under the Influence of Marijuana: A Comparison of Blood Concentrations of Δ9-Tetrahydrocannabinol, 11-Hydroxy-Δ9-Tetrahydrocannabinol, 11-Nor-9-Carboxy-Δ9-Tetrahydrocannabinol and Other Cannabinoids in Arrested Drivers Versus Deceased Drivers.受大麻影响驾驶与受大麻影响驾驶并致死：被捕司机与死亡司机血液中Δ9-四氢大麻酚、11-羟基-Δ9-四氢大麻酚、11-去甲-9-羧基-Δ9-四氢大麻酚及其他大麻素浓度的比较
J Anal Toxicol. 2015 Oct;39(8):588-601. doi: 10.1093/jat/bkv095.
10
Dose related risk of motor vehicle crashes after cannabis use.使用大麻后与剂量相关的机动车碰撞风险。
Drug Alcohol Depend. 2004 Feb 7;73(2):109-19. doi: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2003.10.008.
引用本文的文献
1
Evaluation of Cannabis Per Se Laws: A Semi-Mechanistic Pharmacometrics Model for Quantitative Characterization of THC and Metabolites in Oral Users.大麻本身相关法律的评估：一种用于定量表征口服使用者体内四氢大麻酚及其代谢物的半机制药代动力学模型。
J Clin Pharmacol. 2025 May;65(5):535-549. doi: 10.1002/jcph.6181. Epub 2025 Jan 20.
2
Intraperitoneal delivery of cannabidiol (CBD) and Δ-tetrahydocannabinol (THC) promotes papillomavirus infections in athymic nude mice.腹腔注射大麻二酚（CBD）和Δ-四氢大麻酚（THC）可促进无胸腺裸鼠的乳头瘤病毒感染。
Tumour Virus Res. 2024 Dec 16;19:200307. doi: 10.1016/j.tvr.2024.200307.
3
Harm reduction strategies for cannabis-related problems: a literature review and typology.大麻相关问题的危害减少策略：文献综述与类型学分析
Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci. 2025 Mar;275(2):379-388. doi: 10.1007/s00406-024-01839-3. Epub 2024 Jun 27.
4
A Burning Problem: Cannabis Lessons Learned from Colorado.一个亟待解决的问题：从科罗拉多州汲取的大麻教训
Addict Res Theory. 2018;26(1):3-10. doi: 10.1080/16066359.2017.1315410. Epub 2017 Apr 13.
5
Cannabis and Driving.大麻与驾驶
Front Psychiatry. 2021 Sep 24;12:689444. doi: 10.3389/fpsyt.2021.689444. eCollection 2021.
6
Orally administered cannabidiol does not produce false-positive tests for Δ -tetrahydrocannabinol on the Securetec DrugWipe® 5S or Dräger DrugTest® 5000.口服给予的大麻二酚不会导致 Securetec DrugWipe® 5S 或 Dräger DrugTest® 5000 检测出 Δ -四氢大麻酚的假阳性结果。
Drug Test Anal. 2022 Jan;14(1):137-143. doi: 10.1002/dta.3153. Epub 2021 Aug 30.
7
Workplace Cannabis Policies: A Moving Target.工作场所大麻政策：一个不断变化的目标。
Cannabis Cannabinoid Res. 2022 Feb;7(1):16-23. doi: 10.1089/can.2020.0095. Epub 2020 Nov 13.
8
Direct and indirect effects of marijuana use on the risk of fatal 2-vehicle crash initiation.大麻使用对致命双车碰撞事故发生风险的直接和间接影响。
Inj Epidemiol. 2020 Sep 14;7(1):49. doi: 10.1186/s40621-020-00276-9.
9
Sales to apparently alcohol-intoxicated customers and online responsible vendor training in recreational cannabis stores in a randomized trial.在一项随机试验中，向明显酒精中毒的顾客销售以及在休闲大麻商店开展在线责任供应商培训。
Int J Drug Policy. 2020 Sep;83:102860. doi: 10.1016/j.drugpo.2020.102860. Epub 2020 Jul 21.
10
Medical marijuana laws and driving under the influence of marijuana and alcohol.医用大麻法律以及吸食大麻和酒精后驾车的问题。
Addiction. 2020 Oct;115(10):1944-1953. doi: 10.1111/add.15031. Epub 2020 Mar 26.
本文引用的文献
1
Analysis of Drugs in Saliva.唾液中的药物分析。
Forensic Sci Rev. 1999 Jun;11(1):1-19.
2
Fatal crashes from drivers testing positive for drugs in the U.S., 1993-2010.1993年至2010年美国因司机药物检测呈阳性导致的致命撞车事故。
Public Health Rep. 2014 Jul-Aug;129(4):342-50. doi: 10.1177/003335491412900409.
3
Waiting for the opportune moment: the tobacco industry and marijuana legalization.等待时机：烟草行业与大麻合法化。
Milbank Q. 2014 Jun;92(2):207-42. doi: 10.1111/1468-0009.12055.
4
Policy designs for cannabis legalization: starting with the eight Ps.大麻合法化的政策设计：从八个“P”开始
Am J Drug Alcohol Abuse. 2014 Jul;40(4):259-61. doi: 10.3109/00952990.2014.894047. Epub 2014 May 22.
5
Trends in fatal motor vehicle crashes before and after marijuana commercialization in Colorado.科罗拉多州大麻商业化前后致命机动车撞车事故的趋势。
Drug Alcohol Depend. 2014 Jul 1;140:137-44. doi: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2014.04.008. Epub 2014 Apr 23.
6
Marijuana-using drivers, alcohol-using drivers, and their passengers: prevalence and risk factors among underage college students.吸食大麻的司机、饮酒的司机及其乘客：未成年大学生中的流行情况及风险因素。
JAMA Pediatr. 2014 Jul;168(7):618-24. doi: 10.1001/jamapediatrics.2013.5300.
7
Driving after marijuana use: the changing face of "impaired" driving.吸食大麻后驾车：“酒驾”面貌的变化
JAMA Pediatr. 2014 Jul;168(7):602-4. doi: 10.1001/jamapediatrics.2014.83.
8
Cannabis withdrawal in chronic, frequent cannabis smokers during sustained abstinence within a closed residential environment.在封闭居住环境中持续禁欲期间，慢性、频繁吸食大麻者出现的大麻戒断反应。
Am J Addict. 2014 May-Jun;23(3):234-42. doi: 10.1111/j.1521-0391.2014.12088.x.
9
Trends in alcohol and other drugs detected in fatally injured drivers in the United States, 1999-2010.美国 1999-2010 年致命性车祸司机体内酒精和其他药物检测趋势。
Am J Epidemiol. 2014 Mar 15;179(6):692-9. doi: 10.1093/aje/kwt327. Epub 2014 Jan 29.
10
Exhaled breath for drugs of abuse testing - evaluation in criminal justice settings.用于药物滥用检测的呼气样本——刑事司法环境中的评估
Sci Justice. 2014 Jan;54(1):57-60. doi: 10.1016/j.scijus.2013.09.007. Epub 2013 Oct 17.
Zotero 插件