Pollack Keshia M, Gielen Andrea C, Mohd Ismail Mohd Nasir, Mitzner Molly, Wu Michael, Links Jonathan M
Department of Health Policy and Management, Johns Hopkins Center for Injury Research and Policy, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA.
Department of Health, Behavior and Society, Johns Hopkins Center for Injury Research and Policy, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA.
Inj Epidemiol. 2014 Dec;1(1):11. doi: 10.1186/2197-1714-1-11. Epub 2014 May 7.
Prompted by a series of fatal and nonfatal pedestrian-vehicle collisions, university leadership from one urban institution collaborated with its academic injury research center to investigate traffic-related hazards facing pedestrians.
This descriptive epidemiologic study used multiple data collection strategies to determine the burden of pedestrian injury in the target area. Data were collected in 2011 through a review of university crash reports from campus police; a systematic environmental audit and direct observations using a validated instrument and trained raters; and focus groups with faculty, students, and staff. Study findings were synthesized and evidence-informed recommendations were developed and disseminated to university leadership.
Crash reports provided some indication of the risks on the streets adjacent to the campus. The environmental audit identified a lack of signage posting the speed limit, faded crosswalks, issues with traffic light and walk sign synchronization, and limited formal pedestrian crossings, which led to jaywalking. Focus groups participants described dangerous locations and times, signal controls and signage, enforcement of traffic laws, use of cell phones and iPods, and awareness of pedestrian safety. Recommendations to improve pedestrian safety were developed in accordance with the three E's of injury prevention (education, enforcement, and engineering), and along with plans for implementation and evaluation, were presented to university leadership.
These results underscore the importance of using multiple methods to understand fully the problem, developing pragmatic recommendations that align with the three E's of injury prevention, and collaborating with leadership who have the authority to implement recommended injury countermeasures. These lessons are relevant for the many colleges and universities in urban settings where a majority of travel to offices, classrooms, and surrounding amenities are by foot.
受一系列致命和非致命的行人与车辆碰撞事故的启发，一所城市院校的领导与该校的学术伤害研究中心合作，对行人面临的交通相关危险进行调查。
这项描述性流行病学研究采用了多种数据收集策略，以确定目标区域内行人受伤的负担情况。2011年，通过审查校园警察的大学碰撞事故报告、使用经过验证的工具和经过培训的评估人员进行系统的环境审计和直接观察、以及与教师、学生和工作人员进行焦点小组讨论来收集数据。对研究结果进行综合分析，并制定基于证据的建议，然后将其传达给大学领导。
碰撞事故报告提供了一些关于校园周边街道风险的迹象。环境审计发现，存在限速标志缺失、人行横道褪色、交通信号灯和步行标志同步问题以及正规人行横道有限等情况，这些导致了乱穿马路现象。焦点小组参与者描述了危险地点和时间、信号控制和标志、交通法规的执行情况、手机和iPod的使用情况以及行人安全意识。根据伤害预防的三个E（教育、执法和工程）制定了改善行人安全的建议，并连同实施和评估计划一起提交给大学领导。
这些结果强调了使用多种方法全面了解问题的重要性，制定符合伤害预防三个E的务实建议，以及与有权实施建议的伤害对策的领导合作。这些经验教训适用于许多城市环境中的学院和大学，在这些地方，前往办公室、教室和周边便利设施的大部分行程都是步行。
