Mazurek Jacek M, Weissman David N
Respiratory Health Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Mailstop HG 900.2, 1095 Willowdale Rd., Morgantown, WV, 26505, USA.
Curr Allergy Asthma Rep. 2016 Nov;16(11):77. doi: 10.1007/s11882-016-0657-y.
Healthcare workers (HCWs) are exposed to a range of high and low molecular weight agents that are allergic sensitizers or irritants including cleaners and disinfectants, natural rubber latex, and various medications. Studies have shown that exposed HCWs are at risk for work-related rhinitis and asthma (WRA). Work-related rhinitis may precede development of WRA and should be considered as an early marker of WRA. Avoidance of causative exposures through control strategies such as elimination, substitution, engineering controls, and process modification is the preferred primary prevention strategy for preventing development of work-related allergic diseases. There is limited evidence for the effectiveness of respirators in preventing occupational asthma. If sensitizer-induced WRA is diagnosed, it is important to avoid further exposure to the causative agent, preferably by more rigorous application of exposure control strategies to the workplace. This review focuses on allergic occupational respiratory diseases in HCWs.
医护人员会接触到一系列高分子量和低分子量的物质，这些物质包括清洁剂、消毒剂、天然橡胶乳胶和各种药物，它们既是变应原致敏剂又是刺激物。研究表明，接触这些物质的医护人员有患职业性鼻炎和哮喘（WRA）的风险。职业性鼻炎可能先于职业性哮喘出现，应被视为职业性哮喘的早期标志物。通过消除、替代、工程控制和工艺改进等控制策略避免接触致病因素，是预防职业性过敏性疾病发生的首选一级预防策略。关于呼吸器预防职业性哮喘有效性的证据有限。如果诊断出致敏剂引起的职业性哮喘，避免进一步接触致病因素很重要，最好是在工作场所更严格地应用接触控制策略。本综述重点关注医护人员的过敏性职业性呼吸道疾病。
