Johnson Sarah E, Coleman Blair N, Schmitt Carol L
Center for Tobacco Products, U.S. Food and Drug Administration.
Center for Health Policy Science and Tobacco Research, RTI International.
Psychol Addict Behav. 2016 Dec;30(8):887-894. doi: 10.1037/adb0000225. Epub 2016 Nov 10.
Despite increased restrictions and taxes, decreased social acceptability, and widespread awareness of the harms of tobacco use, many in the U.S. continue to smoke cigarettes. Thus, understanding smokers' attitudes and motivations remains an important goal. This study adopts the consumer psychology concept of brand relationship to provide a new lens through which to examine smokers' attitudes about their cigarette use. Twelve focus groups (N = 143) were conducted with adult cigarette smokers from September to November, 2013. Using a semistructured moderator guide and "top of mind" worksheets, the discussion examined participants' attitudes toward (a) their own cigarette brand and (b) tobacco companies in general. Data were coded and analyzed following principles of thematic analysis. Adult smokers reported positive attitudes toward their cigarette brand, as their brand was strongly associated with the positive experience of smoking (e.g., satisfying craving and relief from withdrawal). In contrast, thinking about tobacco companies in general evoked negative reactions, revealing overwhelmingly negative attitudes toward the industry. Findings reveal a complicated relationship between smokers and their cigarette brand: simultaneously embracing their cigarettes and rejecting the industry that makes them. Taken together, these data suggest smokers maintain largely positive brand relationships, diverting negative feelings about smoking toward the tobacco industry. Finally, they highlight the synergy between branding and the subjective smoking experience, whereby positive brand attitudes are reinforced through withdrawal relief. Ultimately, this information could inform a more complete understanding of how smokers interpret and respond to tobacco communications, including marketing from their brand. (PsycINFO Database Record
尽管烟草使用的限制增多、税收增加、社会接受度降低,且人们普遍意识到吸烟的危害,但美国仍有许多人继续吸烟。因此,了解吸烟者的态度和动机仍然是一个重要目标。本研究采用品牌关系这一消费者心理学概念,提供一个新视角来审视吸烟者对其吸烟行为的态度。2013年9月至11月,对成年吸烟者进行了12个焦点小组访谈(N = 143)。使用半结构化的主持人指南和“脑海中最先想到的”工作表,讨论考察了参与者对(a)他们自己的香烟品牌和(b)一般烟草公司的态度。按照主题分析原则对数据进行编码和分析。成年吸烟者对他们的香烟品牌持积极态度,因为他们的品牌与吸烟的积极体验紧密相关(例如,满足烟瘾和缓解戒断反应)。相比之下,总体上想到烟草公司会引发负面反应,表明对该行业压倒性的负面态度。研究结果揭示了吸烟者与其香烟品牌之间复杂的关系:既接受他们的香烟,又排斥生产这些香烟的行业。综合来看,这些数据表明吸烟者在很大程度上保持着积极的品牌关系,将对吸烟的负面情绪转移到烟草行业。最后,它们突出了品牌塑造与主观吸烟体验之间的协同作用,即通过缓解戒断反应强化积极的品牌态度。最终,这些信息有助于更全面地理解吸烟者如何解读和回应烟草宣传,包括来自他们所吸品牌的营销。(PsycINFO数据库记录